The right wing vigilante groups have
the potential to be an even greater risk to the sovereign government of Colombia
than do the left-wing organizations. Herrera-Nevares was the patriarch of a huge criminal syndicate based in the 2. It is unclear at this point how the military will
deal with this new challenge. The Juarez Cartel - This cartel was run by a former Mexican federal police
commander, Rafael Aguilar, and Amado Carrillo Fuentes. It should be emphasized that United States officials are certainly not immune,
and have also been corrupted in numerous instances as well. The Herreras disappeared? It was not lost to U.S. All this information may have been passed on
to the cartels. Centralized law enforcement data banks need to be developed and maintained
on an international level. Watson, Russell, "Coke and Mrs. The group has expanded rapidly across Mexico and is now one of the country's most dominant . (AP Photo/Alexandre AFP, "Mexico's foreign minister rejects claim official had part in drug
trade," 6/2/99, internet. The Calexico area was once a relatively easy target for
smugglers with only 81 agents assigned to patrol the area in 1996, and only a
small handful of those 81 agents worked any given night shift. Some are artistic photos and others are simply panoramic photos taken by amateurs and friends who simply like Los Herrera.See more photos . Use these stars ("0" you like little, "5" you like a lot) to rate with your opinion. This unilateral certification process is the quintessential example of
condescending arrogance, smacks of blatant imperialism and is clearly based
solely on American self-interests. Associated Press, "Mexico paper struggles to survive," 10/31/00,
internet. Herrera Herrera was also in wanted by United States authorities for carrying Upon further investigation, it was revealed that Federal Judicial
Police were responsible for transporting the rest of the shipment from the
airstrip to the drug distribution centers. Sinaloa drug cartel run by Joaquin "El Chapo" Guzman. Consider this parallel example from another Meso-American nation. There he fought to expand Sinaloa Cartels territory in Gomez Palacio, Lerdo, Torren, and places as far as Matamoros. He owned hotels,
real estate and an air taxi service in Texas, and even more extensive holdings
in Mexico including newspapers, hotels, construction firms, lumber companies,
moving businesses, ranches, real estate (Reuters, 9/29/96). Not only would their political careers be ruined, but
they would likely face life threatening opposition from both the cartels and the
government. Feeding off of this virtual uproar emanating from the
Mexican populous, President Fox has issued several calls for the opening of the
border, though to date the notion has not played well in the U.S., even among
his American political allies. In January 2012, SEDENA Special Forces soldiers began an operation which aimed to arrest El Arqui, one of the lesser known Cabrera brothers, in a remote area of Canatln, Durango. Reuters, "U.S.-Mexico drug conspiracy is broken up," 2/27/98,
internet. In September 1977, DEA agents at JFK Airport Herrera organization ran a farm-to-the-arm heroin operation that cultivated Other papers have "hit the streets," but what
remains to be seen is if a truly independent press can emerge from the ashes of
a general community mistrust of the press and help move Mexico toward a more
responsible form of democracy. Perhaps the best known Mexican newspaper, Excelsior,
long sold itself to the government in exchange for price supports, massive tax
breaks, and outright payments from governments leaders. 14-16. The l999 certification was approved in a far less visible fashion than in either
1998 or 1997 (the Senate vote in 1998 was close, however - 54 to 45, UPI,
3/26/98; see also Reuters, 2/26/98), though the matter did draw the ire of
political leaders on both sides of the Rio Grande (AFP, 2/26/98; Reuters,
2/4/98). Overall,
Mexican officials estimate that there are 3 million undocumented Mexicans in
America at present (AFP, 9/27/00). Her testimony about the meeting is likely a major reason why the Army chose to investigate Mayor Enrquez Herrera years later, in 2020. (14) Seeing a huge profit
margin as a result of the new immigration law, Mexican syndicates have been
moving into the people smuggling trade in a more systematic and organized
fashion, either taking over "coyote" operations or forcing them into a
business arrangement. organization in Mexico, with profits estimated at $1 million a year. Don't fall behind on your mordida! Reuters, "Alleged drug kingpin held in killing of Cardinal,"
12/6/93, internet. dont worry another meth maker will take overget puffed out, http://www.informador.com.mx/mexico/2012/357271/6/detienen-a-productor-de-metanfetaminas-del-cartel-del-pacifico.htm, yah i noe. The Durango Cartel, also known as the Herrera Cartel, is a Mexican drug cartel based in Durango City, Durango. He was also accused of obstructing efforts on
the part of Mexican police to investigate the 1994 assassination of his brother,
Jose Francisco Ruiz Massieu. alleged member of the Pacific drug cartel, to the press in Mexico City, Tuesday Migratory traditions here run deep,
started primarily by tumbling silver prices at the turn of the century.
Current migration patterns began during the world wars, when there were labor
shortages
in the United States. Run by
Carlos Castano, this vigilante group has turned to taxing cocaine and heroin
producers, shippers and distributors to generate the revenue necessary to
finance its military operations. its "Heroin Highway," a drug trafficking network that stretched from This matter is being re-assessed in light of adamant demands on the part
of American agents to be able carry their weapons into Mexico (Reuters,
10/22/97). 6. O'Day, Patrick, "The Mexican Army as Cartel," Journal of
Contemporary Criminal Justice, to appear 2000. It is alleged that his eldest son, Carlos
Hank Rhon, launders drug money and had been closely associated with Amado
Carillo Fuentes - the late head of the Juarez Cartel (AFP, 6/2/99). AFP, "Mexican opposition, ruling party running neck-and-neck:
poll," 8/30/99, internet. The high death toll of this war is likely what drew the attention of federal authorities to the cartel figures in Durango. Some say he was trying to Chapuliniar. The Caribbean routes were used, but so were routes
through Mexico. The Immigration and Naturalization Service recently announced the hiring of an
additional 1,000 agents who will be assigned to patrol the border, primarily in
Texas. With access to these vast sums of money, the
Mexican government had no problem in meeting its international financial
obligations. By removing their partner cartels' competition in
this almost amusingly self-righteous show of public and military force, greater
profits will be realized by their partner cartels. It appears that each Mexican military regiment operates somewhat independently
and there is a de-centralized flavor to the operations, though high-ranking
Mexican military generals are clearly involved (Dillon, 1998). And This UPDATE from Mexico-Translated by Havana: The Federal Police Marijuana is grown
year-round in Mexico and the army has literally tons of harvested marijuana at
its disposal, and even oversees the production and crop security end of the
process in some regions. In addition, given that financial turmoil has often
accompanied changes in the presidency (most recently the above noted Salinas to
Zedillo transition), these funds will be able to ease any economic disruptions
that may arise during the next transition. Rebel leaders such as Emiliano Zapata and Poncho Villa
captured the public's attention and generated a significant measure of popular
support. the "Durango drive-shaft," a sleeve-like device that surrounded the In response to this admission, Mexican opposition parties have demanded that
President Zedillo be subpoenaed in connection to potential illegal contributions
received from Carlos Peniche (AFP, 6/1/99). The sentence was slashed from 50 to 27 1/2 years by Judge
Hernandez in July of 1999 due to mitigating circumstances. Despite an abundance of evidence, no
illegal or unethical activity was found to be present by an investigative panel
of Mexican authorities. Among his criminal It has
a history of turning on former cartel partners as quickly as the wind might
change direction. In 1964 PAN received
20 congressional seats and the Partido Popular Socialista picked up 10 seats. San Diego: University of
California at San Diego, 1994. International Herald Tribune, "Mexico city names its next
mayor," 10/1/99, p.6. El G1 is infamous for allegedly owning the Senator of Durango, Jos Ramn Enrquez Herrera, whose political campaign he helped finance. AFP, "Mexico's ruling party defeats opposition alliance in state
elections," 9/27/99, internet. several tons of methamphetamine in the 90's. Paternostro, Silvana, "Mexico as a narco-democracy," World
Policy Journal, Vol 12(1), Spring 1995, pp. Will they turn more attention to the meth markets? In July 2016, Mayor Enrquez Herrera summoned a number of politicians and government officials from the PAN, PRI and Movimiento Ciudadano political parties to a work meeting at the aforementioned Hospital de Especialidades. AFP, "Mexican president-elect forecasts direct investment to hit 20
billion dollars," 10/2/00, internet. He was then transferred to a plane which flew him to Mexico City, where he is now. In
addition, the strategy will utilize satellite photography and specialized
computer systems in order to coordinate land and sea tracking efforts. Only now, at the close
of the 20th century, with memories of the decade of violence confined to the
history books, have democratic interests begun to again stir in the Mexican
populous. He then assured the reporters that they would release more information within the next 24 hours. U.S. Reuters, "Clinton, Zedillo try to ease strain," 5/7/97, internet. The matter is further aggravated due to the fact that the cartels will likely
receive only token law enforcement attention from any seated Mexican government
in the foreseeable future. [1] In
addition to the macro-economic implications, there were numerous political
killings, and street crimes skyrocketed during the "coca-buck" pullout
period. Originally designed to prevent wars and unsavory politics between rivals, the
rule has outlasted its usefulness and has now become a major obstacle to
effective drug enforcement efforts. Amado Carrillo Fuentes (/ f u n t s /; December 17, 1956 - July 4, 1997) was a Mexican drug lord who seized control of the Jurez Cartel after assassinating his boss Rafael Aguilar Guajardo. Associated Press, "Non-Panama presence hurts drug fight," 7/30/99,
internet. Climate. The initial Alliance Against Drugs strategy outlined 16 goals, one of which is
the establishment of three cooperative Border Task Forces in unspecified
locations. They tried to run
their organization from prison, but failed. Sullivan, Brian, "Organized crime: a growing national security
threat," Strategic Forum, 5/1/96, #74. by Chris Eskridge
University of Nebraska. Their very
possession in any significant amount now brings law enforcement attention. Juarez controlled durango until chapo. In the first pic there is a cop on the far right that looks like he has to take a piss, there is also a cop in crutches and two cops manning the 50 cals in tha back wow alotta shit goin on for one vato. Good job AMLO. He made the announcement during one of the daily presidential press conferences. Those arrested, One estimate places over 1,000 Herrera family cocaine and heroin
dealers in the United States (AFP, 12/6/97). Very quietly from the American public's
perspective, these narco-terrorists have amassed a massive military arsenal,
more extensive than the Colombian army. Los Herrera is at 1,696 meters of altitude. meeting held at the request of ' El Mayo' Zambada, also Javier Torres Felix Mexico has
long resisted this certification process, calling it nothing but a public
relations scam (Reuters, 2/4/98). AFP, "Conspiracy theories abound after mysterious death of Mexican
official," 9/9/00, internet. William Rodriguez, son of Miguel,
was chosen to run the Cartel. TexThey tie him to the Herrera Drugtraffickingfamily. Only crap, Buela I read the story of Jaime Herrera-Nevares back in 2000, is this guy related to them? Jaime Herrera-Herrera, Jr., were arrested in Mexico on drug charges and remain Time will proverbially tell if this
proposal is seriously considered by the American leadership. Interestingly, as 1994 dawned, two men stood in the way
of Ernesto Zedillo attaining to the presidency - Luis Donald Colosio and Jose
Francisco Massieu. The late September 1999 arrest by U.S. officials of 93
persons associated with this cartel, as well as the seizure of $25 million in
cash and assets and the loss of 12.5 tons of cocaine and 2.1 tons of marijuana
will surely set this cartel back. officials say they've arrested a man who manufactured methamphetamine for the It also has access to large vehicles that can easily move
large quantities of the bulky weed. In the first eight months of 1999, Mexican authorities had seized 850
tons of marijuana, 25 tons of cocaine and 1,500 pounds of opium base. In June of 1999, 9,908 migrants were arrested, more
than twice the number of arrests made in June of 1996. Associated Press, "Mexico's Fox wants war on drugs," 10/9/00,
internet. With this new business arrangement, the
power and wealth of the Mexican drug cartels exploded. Presidents Clinton and Fox, as well as former president Zedillo have at least
publicly proclaimed their mutual support and cooperation in the cartel wars,
noting the pressing need for cooperative law enforcement ventures on both sides
of the border (Reuters, 5/7/97). El 03 took over leading the group. / 01.05.2023 13:28:00. AFP, "US certifies Colombia, Mexico, Peru as allies in drug war,"
2/27/99, internet. In July of 1993, nearly 6
tons of Cali/Sinaloa cocaine was seized in El Salvador (Reuters, 6/12/93), and
Sinaloa co-leader "El Guero" (Hector Luis Palma Salazar) was
eventually arrested. By 1997, many new, small organizations were jumping into the cocaine market in
Colombia. They grew up in the small town of Vasco Gil, in the state of Durango. Fucking idiot who linked this deadbeat to the H's. In a chilling
video, aired for the first time on American national television by PBS on
October 10, 2000, a squad of elite Mexican national police officers who came
upon a shipment of marijuana, are gunned down by a squad of Mexican army
personnel. The Jalisco New Generation Cartel (CJNG) operates in Mexico City and 27 states, and is the dominant criminal organization in six states, according to a report by the United States Congressional . branches in Denver, Los Angeles, Miami, and Pittsburgh. Excelsior became one
of the primary tools used by PRI officials over the years to maintain their
power. This meant that the Mexican cartels now had almost complete control of the
cocaine trade in the United States, the largest cocaine market in the world. Moore, Molly, "Vast Mexico drug car crackdown targets top
officials," Washington Post, 4/8/99, p. A21. Colosio clearly represented a threat to the
both the PRI elite and their companions, the drug cartels, who likely ordered
his killing. They arent involved like before but im sure if they need to pull some strings they can. There are few
legitimate internal checks and balances to Mexican presidential power at
present. law enforcement agencies were well acquainted with the Herrera organization and People in Sinaloa were saying that this dude was a tweaker!!! ",
8/19/99, internet. Meyer, Michael C., and William L. Sherman, The Course of Mexican History,
New York: Oxford University Press, 1979. At best,
we are fighting a holding action. In 1997, some 3,500 vehicles were stolen in El Paso and
smuggled into Mexico, many ending up in the hands of corporate executives and
government officials. On the
one hand, a number of economic indicators are solid. He would bypass Colombia because of the
unstructured and unstable cartels in Colombia at the time. Open hostilities abated by 1920, but the new decade saw extreme political
turmoil, intrigue, and occasional assassination. It is
suspected that he may have been using whatever political clout he had left to
influence then President-elect Fox's cabinet appointments, though Fox seems to
be making very independent and creative choices in that area (Associated Press,
11/24/00). its jus da calculations dats hard, it seems like they're starting to crack down on the sinaloa cartel alot more now than before. in the 90's in the United States and after obtaining bail fled the country, Its charge is not so much to stop the illegal
immigrants, but to protect them and inform them of the dangers. 34-36. BACKGROUND
The United Mexican States (EUM) consists of 31 states and a federal district. In a
recent piece of investigative reporting, the New York Times broke a story
that a number of Mexican generals met with cartel leaders on at least two
occasions in 1996 and 1997. Reuters, "7 members of Mexico's anti-drug force arrested," 5/13/97,
internet. Fuentes became a master
at smuggling drugs not only with planes, but also with boats and trucks and
people. A bodyguard of El G1 was said to have been shot in the arm during the ensuing confrontation however the soldier managed to get G1 to surrender. Las Herreras Map | Mexico Google Satellite Maps Bulky and possessing a penetrating pungent odor that is virtually impossible to
mask, the movement of marijuana presents very different transport dynamics than
does either heroin or cocaine. Morris, S., Corruption and Politics in Contemporary Mexico,
Tuscaloosa, Alabama: University of Alabama Press, 1991. They supply America with
so-called "Mexican mud" (brown heroin), and have done so since at
least the mid-1940s. Smith, Elliot Blair, "Incoming Mexican Leader Adopts World View," USA
Today, October 4, 2000, p. 14A. to Chicago. All five were killed in the encounter. Moore, Molly and John W. Anderson, "Diminished U.S. role below border
plays into traffickers' hands," Washington Post, 9/8/96, p. A1. Western civilization has moved in this direction, but the
benevolent autocratic model may be the next phase in the evolution of political
sovereignty. Lucky for Enrquez Herrera, a generous benefactor was able to step in and lend him the money he needed to complete the project. Introductions such as these may be quite common, the only difference with this one in particular is that Alma Leticia Reyes Guerra was in attendance. The Sinaloa Cartel broke off and began cooperating
with the Cali cartel to transship huge quantities of cocaine during the 1980s
and early 1990s. This fucking meth head has NOTHING to do with the Herrera Family from Durango. The United States has repeatedly called for Mexico to end the traditional
impunity for high level officials. Money came in so fast and furious that the Gulf Cartel
leadership literally did not know what to do with it. Five
years ago, at a United Nations conference in Naples, participants were warned
that if coordinated law enforcement actions were not swiftly undertaken at the
international level, the world community would become a slave to organized
crime, for the syndicates would be able to control economic conditions worldwide
(United Nations, 1995). In 1929, the turning point in
modern Mexican political history, President Plutarco Elias Calles organized the
National Revolutionary Party (the precursor of the modern PRI), returned to the
benevolent autocrat model that had been implemented so well for so long by Diaz,
and smoothed the transition of power process by instituting a closed system of
selecting political successors. Robinson, Linda, "Mexican mayhem," U.S. News and World Report,
July 12, 1999, p. 39. Mayo and the rest form. Brutality and calloused disregard for life became the norm for rebel
and soldier alike. There are probably a dozen Mexican syndicates that are involved in the drug
trade. I wonder if the cops rent those choppers and trucks just for the pictures. 'Ice', is priced at the start of production of $ 10 000 per kilogram and its This highlights the ability of these powerful
cartels to recruit whoever they want. Subsequently postal money orders and cashiers checks are written on those
accounts and mailed to the Colombians, who then may use these financial
instruments to purchase commodities in Colombia. The key component
in any battle against organized crime is the collective political will of the
people. They continued being listed as DEA fugitives based Of all the towns in the municipality, it occupies the number #4 in terms of number of inhabitants. On April 1, 1997, a new and much tougher
immigration law went into effect - that date has been called "Black
Tuesday" in Mexico (Reuters, 4/17/97), and it has had long repercussions
for many, many Mexican families. Christian Science Monitor, "Holes open in US drug-fighting
net," 7/28/99, internet. These murders brought the total number of senior
police officials executed in Northern Mexico in 1996 to seven. The Herrera family has close ties with families in the town of Carreras, durango. She and her family were killed in 1996, and the publisher
has left the books in the warehouse. ranches located just outside Culiacan for production of this drug, where he This group was/is a spin-off organization
of the larger Sonora Cartel. Marighella, Carlos, The Terrorist Classic: Manual of the Urban Guerrilla
(trans. Hank
Gonzalez is a former mayor of Mexico City and held two separate cabinet posts
under former President Carlos Salinas. AFP, "Mexican president calls for a 'national crusade' against
corruption," 12/4/97, internet. The cartels bring billions of American dollars into Mexico. AFP, "Torture and disappearance routine in Mexico, Australian court
told," 9/3/99, internet. It is estimated that 5,000 people per month enter
the United States illegally just from Ciudad Juarez alone (AFP, 5/19/99). In the The problem of course, is that this would be counter to the vested personal
interests of the Mexican government officials who would be asked to implement
this policy change. A inicios de agosto el gobierno mexicano anunci la captura del presunto lder del Crtel Santa Rosa de Lima, Jos Antonio Ypez Ortz, alias El "Marro", como una victoria sobre el narcotrfico y. 6. The Puerto Rican syndicates took only 25 to 40 percent of the
cut, and packages sent to the United States from Puerto Rico (an American
possession) were not inspected as closely as those coming in from other
countries. Under
Fuentes, the Juarez Cartel rose to dominance in Mexico. Carlos's reception was not one of a revered former president but rather gave new
fuel to old fires of anger, hate, and mistrust. In what may
become a decided shift in public policy efforts, Barry McCaffrey noted,
"you cannot arrest yourself out of a drug problem." Other high ranking government officials have also succumbed to the ready money
offered by those with ties to the drug trade. C. The State Department continues to obtain information and submits a more
complete report to the President, generally by sometime in February. Toluco is sierra region(Tepehuanes/Santiago/guanacevi). Not part of
the traditional cartel litany of activities (Resendiz, 1998), officials have
recently found ties between gangs of car thieves in El Paso, Texas and the
Juarez Cartel. In August of 1999, for example, Mexican
authorities seized an 8.6 ton shipment of cocaine off their west coast (AFP,
8/18/99). Durango to Chicago. Many have paid with their
lives, however. Fuentes intended to cut Colombia
completely out of the picture. The paper had what
amounted to a government protected monopoly. In July of 1999, the U.S. Senate quietly passed a bill that will require the
government to publish a list of major international drug traffickers as well as
their front companies and business associates each year. The Herrera's are
just too well enmeshed in Durango, the poppies are grown there, and the family
is too well connected. Ramn Eduardo Pequeo said it is known that the detainee had differences in a series of arrests of associates of Guzman, the most wanted man in Mexico. AFP, "Mexico City deploys 'swans' in bid to curb police
corruption," 8/4/99, internet. This gentler approach suggests the need to reduce the emphasis on profits, to
retreat from the market culture ideology, to redistribute income, to provide
more economic opportunities for the poor, and to adjust macro social values, ie. To better understand why the contemporary Mexican political system functions as
it does requires a more detailed historical discussion. Organized transnational
crime possess a political as well as a socio-economic threat to Mexico, and to
the entire world. Once everything that has to be done in the domicile where this activity took place is concluded, the detainee will be transferred to the facilities of the federal Attorney General's Office [in Mexico City].. The accusations presage the tough fight between the Zetas and Sinaloa in Durango. Mario Massieu was accused of
attempting to protect Raul Salinas. For a while, the
Herrera's were running Colombian cocaine into the United States for the Medellin
and then the Cali Cartels. There will certainly not be any abrupt divorce decree nor a sudden wholesale
embrace of grassroots democracy. Wall Street Journal, "Mexico will close out its debt to
U.S.," 3/16/97, p. A10. 1988, the Mexican leaders of the organization, Jaime Herrera-Nevarez, Sr., and Drug use in Mexico has risen from an
estimated 1.5 million users in 1988 to 2.5 million users in 1998, with the
largest increase occurring among children (AFP, 7/4/99). By
1997, it appeared that Colombia's drug cartels were going to die out. The Steigenberger Parkhotel at Konigsallee 1a, known in short as the KO, is one of the best hotels in Dusseldorf. reported on documents they received, leaked from an Army intelligence investigation into Durango politicians involved in organized crime. Will they turn more
attention to local drug sales and begin to tap into its own people, at the risk
of attracting the ire of the local populous for the first time and ultimately
the Mexican government itself? AFP, "Migrant-smuggling ring dismantled: Mexican Authorities,"
5/19/99, internet. AFP, "Mexico wary of money-laundering bill," 9/27/99, internet. They
have historically demonstrated a remarkable ability to adapt, just as the
American syndicates demonstrated in the post-Prohibition era, and unfortunately
appear to have a bright future. (13)
Recent events have shaken the relationship between the U.S. and Mexico however. that "old man" makes some good shit.. ;). Chapos Meth Maker "El Viejito" apprehended ~ Borderland Beat President Fox is aggressively pushing the U.S. to end its drug
certification program, publicly stressing that the drug problem will not be
resolved until America addresses its own corruption problem; "as long as
the United States does not end corruption, efforts to curb the illegal drug
trade will not be successful"(AFP, 8/19/00). To be victorious, we need to learn all we
can
about the enemy. As a result, the entire Mexican
economic structure became de-stabilized. While
there is no hard data, the generally accepted figure is that Mexico sees $40
billion a year from the drug trade (though it does not all come from the United
States). million dollars at the beginning of the chain of illegal sale. He had undergone plastic surgery
in the past, and was attempting to further alter his appearance to conceal his
identity from American government authorities. AFP, "The Mexican 'finger' is a myth, former presidents say,"
2/27/99, internet. They are better armed than the Colombian military, and appear ready to take on
the government in full-pitch battles (Hammer and Isikoff, 8/9/99). With more than $6 billion a year of much needed U.S. currency
pouring into the Mexican economy from legals and illegals working north of the
border, half of which likely comes from illegals (the so-called 'wet-back
dollars'), American law enforcement can expect little serious help from the
Mexican government in this arena (AFP, 10/30/00). Associated Press, "Mexico, EFTA reach trade agreement," 11/06/00,
internet. AFP, "PRI loses unilateral control of Mexican government,"
12/13/97, internet. Una tradicin del norte del pas. While there would be many obstacles, there is no
compelling reason a similar spirit of cooperation could not be developed in time
between agents and agencies throughout the Americas. No claims of illegal contributions
made during the 2000 presidential campaign have been forthcoming as of yet. AFP, "Top Mexican official, business clan in drug trade: reports,"
6/2/99, internet. American policy makers have used airborne surveillance
as a primary component in its drug war efforts. Gmez Palacio, Durango. vehicle's drive-shaft and held several kilos of heroin. 1, 16, 17. Edelbacher, Max, "Organized crime in Europe," Paper presented at
the 1998 Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences Meetings, Albuquerque, March 1998. A former
head of the Federal Judicial Police force in Jalisco was arrested in June of
1993 on charges of corruption. That operation was shut down in May of 1993 however.
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