Now here is where Christine's ordeal begins. Weather it be Leroux or Kay, The Phantom is at least 50 years old. 16. Leroux was liberal in adapting the Nilsson-Carvalho rivalry. His mother was a singer in the Opera and, having discovered that she was pregnant with an illegitimate child, swallowed poison. Born hideously deformed, he is a "subject of horror" for his family and as a result, he runs away as a young boy and falls in with a band of Gypsies, making his living as an attraction in freak shows, where he is known as "le mort vivant" ("the living dead"). Read more about how we rate and review. Edit, In the original Leroux novel, and in most adaptations of the story, the Phantom's name is Erik. The only thing that remained in the jar was hope. Michael Crawford Crawford reprised his role on Broadway in 1988, winning a Tony Award for his performance. I think this more due to the film aging down Christine - had she been closer to the age that stage actresses are when they take the role (usually their 20s), the difference would not have been much. What she doesn't know is that the Phantom and Raoul make a bet that if Christine sings, the Phantom wins and if she doesn't, Raoul wins. The Phantom makes a pact that he will give Gustave everything in his possession and will provide for the boy and in return Christine promises to sing the Phantom's music again. So if your child is old enough to understand the elusive talk of "pleasures of the flesh" you should make sure they are mature enough to not think it is sweet but understand the wrong in how he behaves towards Christine. When it came to sexual fantasies and casual affairs it included women in their mid to late 20s. 15 Movie And TV Age Gaps Between Actors That Are Really, Really Messed Up Emmy Rossum being 17 and making out with 33-year-old Gerard Butler in The Phantom of the Opera is just wrong, tbh. Yet, inexplicably we're led to believe that she just can't quit the Phantom. Edit, No. The 51-year-old director had just returned from a trip to London, where his last film, "Phantom Thread," was set, and now the sky above his . In the relationship between Christine and the Phantom there was a struggle to bring two worlds together. He and Christine fall in love but the Phantom will not allow Christine to be with anyone else, even if it means destroying everything he cares about. The study found that womens preferences remain consistent with age, and across all five levels of engagement: marriage, serious relationship, falling in love, casual sex, and sexual fantasies. 51. Who played the best Phantom of the Opera? It's clear that with the existence of Gustave and this song, that Webber and others had trouble finding where an intimate encounter would make sense when all the while, it doesn't. Our review: Parents say ( 26 ): Kids say ( 136 ): Despite lavish settings and costumes, and sweeping camera movement, the sumptuously produced PHANTOM OF THE OPERA feels static, stuffy, and stagey. So, despite being medically healthy, she dies because she "loses the will to live." The real opera house does not have dormitories; in the book, Christine shared a small apartment with Mamma Valerius and her maid.When the Phantom first opens the mirror and steals Christine, she is expecting her angel. Don Juan later passes the tomb of Ana's father, graced by a statue of that dead commander. Producer Cameron Mackintosh has cited the production's high running costs, amid a lower tourist audience on Broadway, as the reason for the show's closure (several international productions of the show are still running). Common Sense Media's unbiased ratings are created by expert reviewers and aren't influenced by the product's creators or by any of our funders, affiliates, or partners. He asks only that she return the ring once he's dead and that she bury him; Leroux's description of the body he found shows that she kept her promise. After "Masquarade" in the stage version, the actual Phantom runs off stage in a flash of darkness as a double appears at the top of the staircase and runs up the stairs to give the illusion that the Phantom apparrated. ", instead of after "The Point Of No Return" as in the movie. In fact, Rossum was barely 17 years old when Schumacher's movie began filming. In the Lofficier translation of the novel, Christine's age is given as 15 years old. . Enraged at Christine's betrayal, the Phantom causes the final disaster of the night the mighty chandelier comes crashing to the stage floor. and our The film version of the musical follows the musical's script closely, but Christine's age is reduced. That means that the age-difference is just 4 ish years. He will always be known by fans of the musical as the original and best Phantom. Instead of big-name stars or those whod played the roles on stage, Schumacher cast two rising stars. Her bed is fancifully carved in the shape of a bird and surrounded by drifting curtains. Age Difference; Slow Burn; Summary. Photo:Tim Martin Gleason as the Phantom and Trista Moldovan as Christine Daae (Photo by Joan Marcus). On his way out, Raoul told Christine that he would never forget her, although he regretted this action later, as he knew that a Viscount could never marry a mere singer. Each tool is carefully developed and rigorously tested, and our content is well-sourced, but despite our best effort it is possible they contain errors. Common Sense Media. Meg Giry is one of the fictional characters from Gaston Leroux's novel The Phantom of the Opera. Star Wars: Attack of the Clones Deleted Scene Would Have Made Padm Better, Star Wars: Episode III - Revenge of the Sith, Dark Star Wars Theory Claims Anakin Mind Tricked Padm Into Loving Him, Star Wars Theory: Padm Amidala Is Force Sensitive, 5 Clues Indiana Jones 5 Is A Time Travel Story, Top Gun: Maverick Finally Proved Iceman Was Right All Along, The MCU Is Nearly Unrecognizable 15 Years After It Began. Meg made personal sacrifices to win the Phantom's approval and will do anything for him in the hope that he would take her under his wing as he did with Christine Daae. The chandelier drops after "All I Ask of You" at the end of Act 1 on stage, directly after the lyric "all that the Phantom asked of you! What is the significance of the music box? If you'd like to cite this online calculator resource and information as provided on the page, you can use the following citation: Georgiev G.Z., "Age Difference Calculator", [online] Available at: https://www.gigacalculator.com/calculators/age-difference-calculator.php URL [Accessed Date: 01 May, 2023]. In the book, Erik's underground home is hidden in the outer wall of the lake, five stories below ground. The statue offers his hand and Don Juan, fearless to the last, takes it. You should use your best judgment, take into account your personal circumstances, goals, etc. One of the things audiences noticed betweenThe Phantom MenaceandAttack of the Clonesis thatPadm's age and Anakin's age were largelydifferent, but a romance bloomed nonetheless. According to the most well known legend, she was the first woman, created by Zeus, the ruler of the gods. Who are the two old people in the B&W segments? suggesting a diversity update. In the last two episodes they don't look like they are years apart. E.g. It's revealed that she's doing this because they're essentially broke due to Raoul's gambling, drinking, and poor business decisions. The two ages, years, or dates can be entered in any order. Crawford, it's not even close. He turns ten during the film. After the rehearsal, Christine goes to fetch Gustave from the Phantom's work room only to find the child traumatized by the sight of the Phantom's face. Edit, Opera Ghost. The elderly gentlemen in The Phantom of the Opera is Vicomte (Count) Raoul de Chagny. It is loosely based on the real-life events involving the sinking of the submarine K-129 in 1968. After a rehearsal incident involving the "Phantom of the Opera", the resident diva quits the show and storms off stage. It is a little frustrating, but just if you have seen the old performance But, it does not interfere with the magical story, Norm Lewis made history by becoming the first black actor to don the Phantom's mask on Broadway in 2014 [Robert Guillaume was the first black actor to play the role, when he took over for Michael Crawford in the Los Angeles production in 1990.]. At the end of the film, Christine's gravestone gives her date of birth as 1854. He was born within the catacombs of the opera house and lived there his entire life. Anakin and Padm are reunited a decade later in 22 BBY duringStar Wars: Episode II - Attack of the Clones. There is no such confrontation in the stage version. The Phantom picks her up and places her on a bed. Joseph Buquet, whom he hangs later on in the movie and musical (in the book his body is discovered in the first chapter), describes his face with "Like yellow parchment is his skin. You can help us help kids by Daniel "Danny" Fenton / Danny Phantom (voiced by David Kaufman) is the series' titular protagonist. In 1960, a Spanish society turned a very free adaptation of the subject under the title El Fantasma de la Operetta . The Phantom, moved by this, frees Raoul and lets them both go so they may live happily together. 32. It's rather creepy, in a way, since by the time of the novel, she was in her twenties, and he in his fifties. All Rights Reserved. As the Phantom, the director went with Butler, then best known for his role as the titular vampire in Dracula 2000. Then, she leans toward him and embraces him again. So Webber is basically stating that even after the Phantom stalked her, kidnapped her, murdered two people and attempted to kill her eventual husband, that she still inexplicably still had enough feelings for the Phantom to seek him out mere weeks/months after the lair incident and have sex with him. Christine Daa applies for the position of assistant to the famed New York composer, Erik Lenoir. In Nilsson's case, the singer and teacher. There are no flamenco dancers in "Don Juan" / "The Point of No Return" in the stage version as the scene is set in a banquet hall with the cast wearing traditional costumes. He's a virgin. I had high expectations for the musical, due to having great past experiences of Andrew Lloyd Webber's musicals, and it exceeded these expectations greatly, with the Phantom of the Opera becoming my personal favourite quickly! What you willand won'tfind in this movie. Did you know you can flag iffy content? Overall the Phantom of the Opera was excellent and is a must-see for any musical and opera fans! Some cursing but nothing beyond a PG movie. Christine became torn between her loyalty and sympathy for her mentor, Erik, and her love for her childhood friend Viscount Raoul de Chagny. The new team has a new patron -- a handsome young nobleman named Raoul (Patrick Wilson) who was once Christine's childhood sweetheart. This scene is following by the rehearsal in which the Phantom "possesses" the piano. The age difference between Anakin and Padm was ultimately immaterial, given that Padm's death at the end of theStar Warsprequels brings an end to her story at just 27 years old. As for the production run of Faust, it was in reality an awkward experience for Nilsson, who received mixed reviews. Just watched The Phantom Of The Opera 25th anniversary a few weeks back 2 Michael Crawford. The key to non-repeatable reading is to modify: In the same conditions, the data you have read, read it again, and find that the value is different. . This jar contained all of the evils, which were then released into the world. I did not want to bring you 'Freddy Krueger Goes to the Opera!' She is forced to choose between the Phantom and Raoul, but her compassion for the Phantom moves him to free them both and allow them to flee. For those of you that don't know, Christine Daae is (quite literally) the leading lady of The Phantom of the Opera. However, it is far more extreme.At the end of the book, unlike the musical, there is no doubt that "Erik is dead." Phantom of The Opera is a wonderfully dark musical that even people who don't like musicals will enjoy. 49. If we look at the overall arc of Christine's life, tell me where you find any positivity:Her father dies when she is a child. As soon as it's sung, Firmin turns the note over. 2023 Womansclubofcarlsbad. Now while many call it the greatest love story in musical theatre history when we look at the piece through the eyes of Christine Daae, it's not much of a love story at all.and there's a sequel. Gustave is then kidnapped by Meg Giry, due to her jealousy of the Phantom's affections for Christine and she attempts to drown him. The Phantom of the Opera: A Case Study of Severe Major Depressive Disorder with Psychotic Features. The first actress to portray Christine Daa was Aud Egede-Nissen in the 1916 German silent version by Ernst Matray, Das Gespenst im Opernhaus or Das Phantom der Oper. In Attack of the Clones he is 19 and she is 24. Both were taken under the protection of a family named "Valerius" in Gothenburg, and both were brought to Paris by their respective patrons for operatic training. So to recap,a 30-40-year-old man has been preying upon a 15-20-year-old girl, kidnaps her and reveals a twisted scenario of secretly marrying her. An age difference calculator can be used, among other things, to check how much younger or older a potential romantic partner is. During "Down Once More"; he sings, "This face that condemns me to wallow in blood has also denied me the joys of the flesh." Regarding the connection between one's age, gender, and attractiveness, there is some scientific research available as well, and it goes somewhat against the rule of seven. She believes he is the angel of music, sent to teach her by her dead father. [4][5] Nilsson, like the fictional Daa, was born in rural Sweden, and both were discovered by a well-to-do patron performing in a Swedish marketplace: Nilsson singing along to her brother's violin playing in Ljungby, Daa singing along to her father's violin playing in (fictitious) Ljimby. In fact, Rossum was barely 17 years old when Schumachers movie began filming. This act of love is far greater than any past infatuation by Raoul or himself to let a loved one go for their own happiness' sake is an immaculate act. However,Amidala andSkywalker didn't let a 5-year-age gap slow them down, and Anakin was sadly allowed to make up the age difference after Amidala's unfortunate passing. Common Sense Media Reviewers Program book for the Vienna Production of Phantom of the Opera (November 1990 / 2. His mother died when he was a young child. In The Phantom Menace she was 14 and Anakin was 9. Metacritic Reviews. After threatening the theatre owners with disastrous harm if Christine is not given the lead in the next opera, the owners decide to stick with their resident diva, Carlotta. How did the Phantom's face become disfigured? In the movie, the Phantom's disfigurement is only on the right side of his face and up the side of his head into his hair; he seems to otherwise be perfectly normal. As Christine is dying, she tells Gustave that his real father is the Phantom which causes Gustave to let loose a Luke Skywalker "Nooo!!" Christine and the Phantom were attracted to each other's voices, and love of music. Women of all ages preferred men around their own age, with a range of just a couple of years in each direction. Erik must be at least a generation older then Christine (or almost a generation). She believed him, and he inspired her soul back into her voice. 14. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. The chandelier in the movie is considerably larger than on stage and of a different design whereas the stage version is very similar to the chandelier at the Paris Opera House. How did the Phantom's face become disfigured? According to the scene description in the script during the final lair scene - "He holds up the ring he tore from her neck." At first, Christine is mesmerized by the Phantom. In the stage show the deformity is slightly larger (hence the slightly larger mask that covers his entire nose, with the drooping, malformed lips beneath), but covers basically the same area, more or less. Without his help Raoul would never have succeeded in rescuing Christine. The Phantom is crying, devastated. Describing Christine, Leroux states that, although she is 20, she has the heart of a 15-year-old. The evidence of Christine's childhood friendship with Raoul, and her studies at the Paris Conservatoire, put her age at 21 years old. In the movie, the ages are all shifted to be much younger than in the book or on stage. In 6.1% of families the wife is 4-9 years older and that percentage drops to 1% for more than 9 years in age difference in favor of the wife. Many believe that this is one of musical theatre's great love stories, but my question is, how? In the novel, he is simply referred to as "Daddy" or "Daddy Daa. In the 2004 movie, he is called Gustave, and in Sarah Brightman's music video version of "Wishing You Were Somehow Here Again", his name is Charles. Christine began to recieve voice training at a young age from a mysterious being she called "The Angel of Music". Some people get killed by the Phantom and he threatens to kill Christine's fianc infront of her but he does not. One doesn't have to look deep or twist the material to show that Christine Daae is probably the most unfairly treated characters in musical theatre. In the stage show, the Phantom always wears a "white tie", i.e., a white bow tie, shirt and waistcoat and a black tuxedo as well as a large black fedora, which is completely missing from the movie. That makes Padm five years older than Anakin. * In the stage version of the cemetery confrontation, the Phantom conjures up lightning and shoots fireballs from his staff instead of sword fighting with Raoul. The serial has been released on DVD through VCI. So just to catch you up, throughout the entire show. The 2004 film had some age difference, with Christine being around 14 to 18 years younger. Instead of smashing a mirror and leaving through a secret passage after Christine and Raoul leave, the Phantom sits in his throne, and covers himself with his cape. Edit, Raoul and Madame Giry. . Raoul fills his time alone by paying respects to Christine's father's grave. The Phantom is very disfigured and the right side of his face is quite tragic. I don't know about all the versions of, 'The Phantom of the Opera', but in Susan Kay's, 'Phantom', the age difference is 30, since Erik was born in 1831, and Christine in 1861. means "When will we be paid?". When Christine falls in love with the Opera's new patron, Vicomte Raoul de Changy (Patrick Wilson), the Phantom's heart is broken and turns to rage. In Act 2, the Phantom once again threatens harm if his opera isn't performed with Christine in the lead role. Created by Lee Falk (USA), the first superhero was The Phantom, who debuted in his own newspaper comic strip on 17 Feb 1936. In the story she is Madame Giry's only daughter. This is a fatal miscalculation. I could be wrong but that always struck be as a big plot hole since the Phantom is made out to be so much older than Christine, with Raoul being made out to be around the same age as Christine. She hasnt even revived her singing career yet. By the time of their (sexual) relationship in Attack of the Clones, set ten years later, in 22 BBY, he was 20 and she was 24. Did you know you can flag iffy content? 1 Ramin Karimloo. Cookie Notice Todd Robinson wrote and directed the film. Engine. However, Pandora had a flaw. Although the Phantom has no name in the musical, he's called Erik in Gaston Leroux's original novel. Giry, he does not enjoy her good health." With his strong jealousy in mind, Erik's hatred starts to burn like a fire after he finds Christine's secretly in a relationship with Raoul. If anything it's psychologically manipulated love since the only rational time where Christine could have fallen for the Phantom is when he was exploiting her beliefs in the Angel of Music. [6][7][8] Even the rivalry between the youthful and inexperienced Christine Daa and the seasoned veteran diva Mme Carlotta, and specifically the replacement of Carlotta with Daa in the role of Marguerite in Gounod's Faust, loosely reflects the public competition between Christina Nilsson and the older Caroline Miolan-Carvalho over the role at the Paris Opera in 1868-1869,[9][10] even to the point of using ideas and language from contemporary reviews of Nilsson's performances.[11][12]. He becomes her mentor, and with his help, she is chosen to replace the company's prima donna, Carlotta. "A rehearsal scene of "Don Juan Triumphant" is omitted, in which the cast go through their first play-through of the show but don't take it seriously, and Piangi can't sing the part until the Phantom possesses the piano and everyone suddenly sings perfectly. In the musical, he is given a back-story (albeit briefly) much closer to that in the book, of a man who has traveled widely for much of his life and who helped to actually build the opera house. Everything from the music, to the costuming was excellently carried out, with it being extremely memorable and iconic. If anything, it should be the Phantom dying on a Coney Island pier, not Christine. The first film iteration was produced in Germany in 1915, with Nils Chrisander (18841947) as the Phantom and Aud Egede-Nissen (18931974) as Christine. (This mirrored room was put in the movie as a reference to the Phantom's torture room in the Leroux novel.) The Phantom makes Christine promise to never tell Gustave that Raoul is not his real father. Why did Christine give the Phantom her ring? Managers Andre and Firmin dress in skeletal costumes on stage but dress in different costumes in the movie. For example, if you are 30 years of age, calculate (30 - 7) * 2 = 23 * 2 = 46 years or an age . Claude Rains played the phantom. Thus, Christine is the "Pandora" of the story because, in her curiosity, she unmasked the Phantom, releasing his underlying anger. But perhaps its most notable version is the iconic Andrew Lloyd Webber musical. In the original West End and Broadway productions, she was portrayed by Sarah Brightman. Padm was born in the year 46 BBY on Naboo, and Anakin was born five years later, in the year 41 BBY. TheQueen of Naboo first met Anakin during a trip to Tatooine, and it didn't take long for Anakin to become enchanted by her. The title is used more commonly in Leroux's novel. In 2001, a team of Dutch social psychologists from the University of Groningen examined desired minimum and maximum ranges across different ages by means of anonymous in-person interviews. Connie Jul 20, 2011 06:28PM 1 vote. We didn't want his disfigurement to be horribly grotesque. There are some low cut dresses that are a representation of the time period and a man looks through a peephole into the girls dressingroom but none of the girls are indecent. The calculator can be used to compute the age difference between any two persons, given one of the following: In case you know one person's age, and another person's year of birth or date of birth, it is easy to compute the second person's age by using our online age calculator. In the sequel Love Never Dies she is Raoul's wife while secretly being Erik's lover and having with him a son named Gustave. Publication October 1991) Programmbuch zur Auffhrung des Musicals Das Phantom der Oper, Learn how and when to remove this template message, The Phantom of the Opera at the Royal Albert Hall, "Nilsson, Christine (18431921) | Encyclopedia.com", "Broadway's Phantom of the Opera Announces First Asian-American Christine | Playbill", https://playbill.com/article/emilie-kouatchou-will-take-over-as-christine-daae-in-broadways-the-phantom-of-the-opera, "Jonathan Roxmouth, Meghan Picerno Lead THE PHANTOM OF THE OPERA Asian Tour in Manila; Full Cast Announced", "Emilie Kouatchou Makes History as the First Black Woman to Star in 'The Phantom of the Opera' on Broadway", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Christine_Daa&oldid=1151403552, Glory Crampton originated the role in the much revived. The Phantom of the Opera by Andrew Lloyd-Webber and Charles Hart is a musical set in an opera house. Working out how old is Darth Vader means starting with Anakin Skywalker, who was born in 41 BBY ("Before the Battle of Yavin", a.k.a the end of Star Wars: Episode IV - A New Hope), which makes him 9 years old in The Phantom Menace (32 BBY) when he meets Padme, who was 14 years old. We won't share this comment without your permission. To make matters worse, the show goes out of its way to defend the Phantom's actions and portray him as a heartbroken man who gets away. What happens when Raoul visits Christine in her dressing room? Raoul was Christine Daa's (protagonist) love interest and childhood friend. The Phantom himself may be a bit scary to look at in one scene, he has either a serious burn or a birth defect that is the reason for him wearing his mask, the special effects make it look very real and nasty. What does "Hand at the level of your eyes" mean? When the Phantom realises that Christine's happiness lies with Raoul and not him, he lovingly lets Christine go. Mamma Valerius, Christine's adopted mother and a profoundly naiive influence on Christine, suggests to the young girl that she ask the mysterious voice singing in her room if it might not be the voice of the Angel of Music, sent to her by her dead father. Edit, Everyone in the movie does their own singing, except for Minnie Driver as Carlotta, who was dubbed by Margaret Preece; she had previously played the role on stage in London. 48. Diana Palmer is a character in the American comic strip The Phantom. ), and releases them both. He dies while trying to find Raoul in the Phantom's lair; the police suspect Raoul. If it is known that one was born in 1960 and the other in 1988, then the age difference is simply 1988 - 1960 = 28 years. The Phantom's real name in the serial was Geoffrey Prescott, as the alias of Kit Walker had not been mentioned in the strip at that point. It opened for the first time in London's West End in 1986, and then in 1988, it premiered on Broadway. User Reviews Coopers love for movies began by watching Toy Story and Lion King on repeat as a child, but it wasn't until The Avengers that he took an invested interest in movies and the filmmaking process, leading him to discover the world of film journalism. In the Lofficier translation of the novel, Christine's age is given as 15 years old. Many critics consider the film of 1925 by Carl Laemmle's Universal Pictures as the most successful. 46. For example, if you have a sibling who is 15 years old while you are 8, to find the difference between you simply subtract 8 from 15 to get 7. The third act of the Shaw play, frequently presented alone as "Don Juan in Hell" is the Shavian notion of what the main characters, Juan, Ana, and the Commander might discuss with the Devil. Did you know you can flag iffy content? The Phantom seizes Raoul and forces Christine to choose between them or Raoul dies. This crush didn't stop there, as Anakin was still infatuated with Padm when they crossed paths again a decade later. It is also a name of an old game where the little lotte has too chose from three items. Christine is a chorus / ballet girl, who becomes the object of obsession, passion and love for the mysterious Phantom of the Opera. In Star Wars: Episode I - The Phantom Menace, Anakin is a nine-year-old slave on Tatooine, while Padm is the 14-year-old Queen of Naboo. He wants to be loved yet he is cruel to Christine by threatening the life of her boyfriend . While opinion on the overall quality of Love Never Diesvaries, it can't be denied that the piece sets out to show that Christine just can't get a win. How old is Christine Daae in Phantom of the Opera? What are the ages of the characters in The Phantom of the Opera? Thank you! And so ends the relentless emotional pounding of Christine Daae. She was curious. The key point of the phantom reading is to add or delete: Under the same conditions, the number of records read out for the first . in the stage show, he "magically" makes Carlotta sound like a frog and laughs maniacally when Carlotta starts croaking. When he isnt writing about or watching new releases, Cooper is a fantasy football obsessive and looking to expand his Blu-Ray collection because physical media is still king! Why does the Phantom let Christine and Raoul go? Madame Giry and Meg were able to smuggle the Phantom out of the theater, away from the mob. Christine Daae is born just outside the Swedish city of Uppsala, in a small market-town. However, in the stage musical and this movie he is simply known as The Phantom. So these are the facts. Having been singing small roles with the Opera for some months without making much impression on audiences, Christine had a spectacular success at a gala at the opera in place of the singer Carlotta, who had fallen ill. Christine's singing was described as "seraphic". I questioned my ability, my appearance, my right to be there. Hopefully, the actors subsequent success has confirmed the praise she received for Phantom was no fluke. Christine gives her word and vows to sing for him once more, and then leaves him alone. After sharing her feelings, Meg decides to let Gustave live and releases him. What is different between the movie and book? You could say that the depiction of Christine was based on a show that was written 30 years ago when characterizations of females were different and that the show is based in the 1870s when female characterizations were even more different. Once inside it appears to be a perfectly normal middle-class apartment, albeit without any windows.
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