domestic violence screening tool pdf

The USPSTF found no valid, reliable screening tools in the primary care setting to identify abuse of older or vulnerable adults without recognized signs and symptoms of abuse. %PDF-1.7 % Prevalence estimates of elder abuse and abuse of vulnerable adults vary. It may include making copies of personal documents, making copies of keys, securing money, and packing a bag with essential items. DomesticShelters.org (2019) The recommendation on screening for IPV applies to women of reproductive age because the evidence demonstrating benefit of ongoing support services is predominantly found in studies of pregnant or postpartum women. However, the USPSTF found inadequate direct evidence that screening for IPV can reduce violence, abuse, and physical or mental harms. Identification of IPV allows the physician to provide better care and improves health outcomes for the survivor. There are several brief screening tools that have been proven effective at detecting IPV and that can be used in the office setting. ;Gilmore, Debra. No studies definitively identified which intervention components resulted in positive outcomes. Although estimates vary, IPV (including sexual violence, physical violence, and stalking) is experienced by approximately 36% of U.S. women and 33% of U.S. men during their lifetime. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a prevalent worldwide health problem, affecting women more commonly than men. Studies that included only brief interventions and provided information about referral options were generally ineffective. POST Bulletin 2019-10, Changes to the Domestic Violence Update Courses on the Learning Portal. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends screening all female patients of childbearing age for IPV. The article provides practice and policy recommendations for how to improve the implementation of evidence-based screenings and counseling. It may be helpful to establish with patients and those with them ahead of time that it is office policy to conduct a portion of each patient's visit alone.2,17,23 Physicians should be aware of mandatory reporting and confidentiality laws in their state so they can inform patients of any limits to doctor-patient confidentiality at the onset of any discussion. Copyright 2023 American Academy of Family Physicians. Episode 84: What Does an Effective Support System Look Like? No tension, some tension, a lot of tension? Effective interventions generally included ongoing support services that focused on counseling and home visits, addressed multiple risk factors (not just IPV), or included parenting support for new mothers. It further concluded that there is inadequate proof that routine screening is benign and cautioned that the lack of sensitivity of screening tools may lead to false reassurance by showing lower rates of IPV than the true prevalence.17, The Cochrane review examined fewer studies than the USPSTF, focusing on screening alone and excluding studies such as those of structured clinical interventions. Beyond Identification of Patients Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence, The Need for Systems of Care and a Trauma-Informed Approach to Intimate Partner Violence, https://www.futureswithoutviolence.org/mandatory-reporting-of-domestic-violence-by-healthcare-providers/. The assessment of the risk of immediate harm should include the following questions (if patients answer yes to at least three of these questions, they are at high risk of harm or injury, with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 56%)27: Has the physical violence increased over the past six months? 425 0 obj <> endobj tTES7Vm`;?Phdwf|I(M3/9?Tz4c97{sY7"UPwC?VS!T&. E+_(@a^3#%Ff49&@cP\%6V1ed{]{hUyhJV@UVUpUWbWO7VJvTut XtvowJE5<4EC\t^VNL}Tf.]00w'p.HQjACYVXdq0"v%[g~4s 3&RTo-p=j{T"m M".HO"**#E{\slNT3lp,3D.wCK/V`,/n~_5o/ r^ IPV is largely underrecognized and underaddressed as a health issue. Limited evidence suggests that screening is not commonly occurring in practice; 1 study found that more than 60% of clinicians have never asked their older adult patients about abuse.23, Women. Presents a list of screening or assessment tools used in evaluating domestic violence cases in Idaho. In Associated Links Domestic Several screening instruments can be used to screen women for IPV. c+(c$@ Uy endstream endobj 70 0 obj <> endobj 71 0 obj <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 67 0 R/Resources<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI]>>/Rotate 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 72 0 obj <>stream In order to expand local sexual assault response efforts, this blueprint from ValorUS provides a nonprescriptive roadmap to how we can build collaborative relationships with community partners within and outside the anti-sexual violence movement. See permissionsforcopyrightquestions and/or permission requests. Is your partner violently and constantly jealous of you? The tool, developed by Dr. Paige Hall and colleagues in the 1990s, was originally named the WEB (Womens Experiences with Battering). There are multiple screening tools that have shown adequate sensitivity and specificity for identifying intimate partner violence and domestic violence in specific populations of women. Minimum screening intervals are unknown; however, based on the prevalence of Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a prevalent worldwide health problem, affecting women more commonly than men. Screening and Intake Forms for Domestic Violence Emergency Shelters (PDF - 271 KB) WebThe Relationship Assessment Tool is a screening tool for intimate partner violence (IPV). Studies that included only brief interventions and provided information about referral options were generally ineffective. hbbd```b``ISd""S0, fW@$C(t Concern for children and the hope that a partner will change are also common reasons for staying in an abusive relationship.25 Regardless, it is important for physicians to be supportive and provide or refer for intervention services.15,18,26 Risk of immediate harm should be assessed at the time of IPV identification and at all subsequent visits.2,17,23. Do you believe your partner is capable of killing you? 0 endobj The USPSTF found no valid, reliable screening tools in the primary care setting to identify IPV in men without recognized signs and symptoms of abuse. %%EOF Have you ever been in a relationship where your partner has thrown, broken, or punched things? Older or Vulnerable Adults. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,29 Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services AdministrationHRSA Center for Integrated Health Solutions,30 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs,31 Administration for Community Living,32 and the Administration on Aging's National Center for Elder Abuse33 also have additional resources available for clinicians. hbbd``b`VGS*$XAD`@>+H0 @P $2012$8&@ The USPSTF has made recommendations on primary care interventions for child maltreatment; screening for depression in adolescents, adults, and pregnant women; screening for alcohol misuse; and screening for drug misuse. Offers findings and recommendations following the assessment of the screening and intake processes of 13 domestic violence shelters and two community-based domestic violence programs in Washington. Being aware of a patient's experiences with IPV allows the physician to gain insight into the patient's medical and emotional problems, and should prompt the physician to show extra sensitivity with physical examinations (explaining each next step in the examination and getting the patient's approval to move forward is a way of giving the patient back a sense of control over her body). The DVI has 155 items and % This content is owned by the AAFP. See the Clinical Considerations section for suggestions for practice regarding the I statement. axL=:7tN}hH#4 x_6 ;ED]9$7"Y,0=xrH)*U6QX$K$U|/>__}?kR]]tnlwU[zx7omGUViUu:UK,ho_T,}7?n_O/OI'g'jgW/^wE~xi./4MoxiokvySD~uRr}]U]*)h~Wzij+ScZw6$j]WjRm KTFui?,!2NTfy}q6/nqx2n__UuR/X;ou9?. <>>> Does your partner ever abuse you sexually? More than 33% of men have experienced sexual violence, physical violence, or stalking by an intimate partner in their lifetime.1 Approximately 34% of men report any psychological aggression by an intimate partner in their lifetime. I learned that at least 1 in 4 women experience abusive relationships in their lives, so I ask all women about this Staff discomfort with using screening tools could be related to desire for more training or support around how to introduce screening tools to families. A. Shakil, S. Donald, +1 author. 4 0 obj School-based education programs dealing with dating violence have been shown to reduce unwanted sexual advances. The USPSTF determined that the magnitude of the overall harms of screening and interventions for IPV can be bounded as no greater than small. WebThis document offers a listing of screening/assessment tools utilized in the evaluation of lethality risk in the context of in intimate partner relationships. The Cochrane review included only two studies that examined outcomes of screening and found no improvement in health or reduction in IPV rates as late as 18 months after screening. However, based on the evidence from 3 studies,1820 effective interventions generally included ongoing support services that focused on counseling and home visits, addressed multiple risk factors (not just IPV), or included parenting support for new mothers. How often does your partner insult or talk down to you? WAST includes 8 items that assess physical and emotional IPV. Estimates also vary for prevalence of elder abuse and abuse of vulnerable adults. While not specific to age, evidence suggests that screening for IPV is not commonly occurring in practice. hb``c``c }T, b|Pqq`R Journal of Women's Health, 24(1) Copyright 2019 by the American Academy of Family Physicians. Some states, for instance, include IPV witnessed by children in their mandatory reporting requirements. `9g8ND"t_:2(Hk4Q\];Jx5Q(iKhJi(Y! The USPSTF found no evidence on appropriate intervals for screening. 2 0 obj The calendar records the severity and frequency of IPV during the past year. Some potential harms of screening in older or vulnerable adults, women not of reproductive age, and men are shame, guilt, self-blame, retaliation or abandonment by perpetrators, partner violence, and the repercussions of false-positive results (e.g., labeling and stigma). U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Family and Youth Services Bureau (2015), Assessment of Children, Youth, and Families Affected by Domestic Violence, Child Welfare Information Gateway is a service of the, Office on Child Abuse and Neglect, Children's Bureau. %PDF-1.6 % WebIntimate Partner Violence and Sexual Violence Victimization Assessment Instruments for Use in Healthcare Settings [PDF] is a compilation of existing tools for assessing intimate No data are available on current screening practice in men. This document offers a listing of screening/assessment tools utilized in the evaluation of lethality risk in the context of in intimate partner relationships. 1060 0 obj <>stream A person viewing it online may make one printout of the material and may use that printout only for his or her personal, non-commercial reference. Screening for Domestic The DVSAT has Conservative estimates indicate that 20% to 30% of women in the United States have experienced IPV in their lifetime.24 More than 10% of female college students have reported unwanted sexual intercourse with a partner.2 IPV tends to be repetitive, with an escalation in frequency and severity over time.3 Homicide is a common consequence of IPV, resulting in more than 1,000 deaths in the United States each year.4,5 The initial episode of IPV usually occurs before 25 years of age.6, Factors that increase the risk of IPV include alcohol consumption, psychiatric illness, a history of violent relationships in childhood, and academic and financial underachievement.3,6,7, Studies have found higher rates of IPV in Native American and Alaska Native women.6 Immigrants have higher rates of IPV, but it is much less likely to be reported or recognized in this population.8 It is also common in same-sex relationships, among transgender women,9 and among women who are survivors of human trafficking.8 The incidence of IPV in men appears to be less than in women, but IPV is more likely to be under-reported in men.3,10, IPV can lead to acute health outcomes, including acute physical injury and homicide, as well as chronic health burdens. 1046 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<17152FFC8F0A8C48B6896D82D753E1A5><62EEB11353F9A941AE06F234C0BC852F>]/Index[1033 28]/Info 1032 0 R/Length 75/Prev 820033/Root 1034 0 R/Size 1061/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream The USPSTF recommends that clinicians screen for intimate partner violence (IPV) in women of reproductive age and provide or refer women who screen positive to ongoing support services (Table 1). 0 Search dates: October 2013 and March 2015. note: This review updates a previous article on this topic by Cronholm, et al.30. Programming All women of childbearing age should be screened for IPV. An ongoing relationship with the same physician improves patient openness to discussing IPV. How often does your partner scream at you? h[ko+1~ I6q iW-Md)PtsnUMwZf,Guuu83neVV~&/qL1([[>VpV6r5Um-+=-'[A;l?+&]#eK When direct evidence is limited, absent, or restricted to select populations or clinical scenarios, the USPSTF may place conceptual upper or lower bounds on the magnitude of benefit or harms. It is critical for the physician to document any injuries thoroughly and provide a detailed record of what happened, including direct quotes from the patient when appropriate. Validation of the HITS domestic violence screening tool with males. NRCDV is expanding its team of Change Makers! Domestic and Intimate Partner Violence: Some Do's and Don'ts for Health Providers Go?.~Wag IzdVzr~DmF7'O7w77/n/n|~p7O_vO.wa~veawUn}y/.?|^oBpje]0m/?^\~O7tn?>x~CouD[i_>/vl\|YO{2,oYzzyk They are also at risk of death from homicide. The following instruments accurately detect IPV in the past year among adult women: Humiliation, Afraid, Rape, Kick (HARK); Hurt, Insult, Threaten, Scream (HITS); ExtendedHurt, Insult, Threaten, Scream (E-HITS); Partner Violence Screen (PVS); and Woman Abuse Screening Tool (WAST). The USPSTF has made recommendations on primary care interventions for child maltreatment34; screening for depression in adolescents,35 adults, and pregnant women36; screening for alcohol misuse37; and screening for drug misuse.38. Author disclosure: No relevant financial affiliations. How often does your partner threaten you with physical harm? WebHow the Affordable Care Act benefits survivors of domestic violence (PDF, 442 KB) provides information on The Affordable Care Act & Womens Health from the HHS Administration for Children and Families (ACF) Division of Family Violence Prevention and Services (December 2013). Potential Preventable Burden: Older or Vulnerable Adults. The USPSTF found adequate evidence that available screening instruments can identify IPV in women. 201 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<3FF06E164987C44799EA093CE997F977>]/Index[180 41]/Info 179 0 R/Length 106/Prev 799223/Root 181 0 R/Size 221/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Do arguments ever result in hitting, kicking, or pushing? Have you ever been in a relationship where your partner threatened you with violence? Outlines a systems approach to the implementation of intimate partner violence screening in health-care settings. In general, how would you describe your relationship? endobj Indian Health Service (2015) Temple (2018) PVS includes 3 items that assess physical abuse and safety. %%EOF State and local reporting requirements vary from one jurisdiction to another, with differences in definitions, who and what should be reported, who should report, and to whom. Early intervention services in at-risk families have been shown to reduce mistreatment of children and may reduce violent behaviors later in life. This section provides resources on assessing domestic violence in the family, including State and local examples. a lot of tension some tension no tension Do you and your partner work out arguments with: great difficulty some difficulty no difficulty Do arguments ever result in you feeling down or bad about yourself? The patient should identify a safe place to go (e.g., a relative's house, local domestic violence shelter). A 2008 nationwide survey of U.S. adults 60 years or older found that the prevalence of any abuse or neglect in the past year was 10%.2 A 2004 survey of Adult Protective Services (APS) agencies found 40,848 substantiated reports of vulnerable adult abuse (in those aged 18 to 59 years) in 19 states.3, In addition to the immediate effects of IPV, such as injury and death, there are other health consequences, many with long-term effects, including development of mental health conditions such as depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders, substance abuse, and suicidal behavior; sexually transmitted infections; unintended pregnancy; and chronic pain and other disabilities.4,5 Violence during pregnancy is associated with preterm birth and low birth weight 6 and adverse effects on maternal and infant health, including postpartum mental health problems7 and hospitalization during infancy.8, Long-term negative health effects from elder abuse include death,9 higher risk of nursing home placement10 among those referred to APS, and adverse psychological consequences (distress, anxiety, and depression).11. Although most physicians feel they should screen patients for IPV, only a small percentage actually do so, largely because they feel uncomfortable having such conversations.17,22, Physicians should begin by explaining why they are asking about IPV, whether it be part of screening at a wellness visit or in response to specific physical or mental health issues. 1033 0 obj <> endobj 'xyO>+kd;Q q_~@Z~h2[*z2;E&GDZ XmC8i; 1 Dg0qe{ WV)*ZE9|GQOF{jaD*sp2R6D-r8""!.BUE>Q4+ /}W,r(0%OXC8QlU/D|=OE9`t*k\mc8io3Lrs"VwY3@S']BLzq)wAu)x>. The resource also discusses some differences when dealing with cases in rural areas compared with urban areas. Create an account to save and access your bookmarked materials anytime, anywhere. kp2`3BGRzBGH+g4;CTZPdU'fA1% L0 m-r 6:[!E}\r|_aa)`E z05C_!*{1YF?t23K(!^z`fVx#vT6#.fGbwq#ZQnIn~a6{JEU2m(c\4Uy&iOk'P3ct%1s XLSkXz5#-=zFYP70_iV upp ~\mJ__n{MXij^pbf.u:TLy@ 'd:_]}fEk[w?5{Hyh4DX#VU|!@s(Csvz+'2K ^ WebThe AHTST is a survivor-centered, trauma-informed, and culturally appropriate intervention tool that draws from evidence- based practices and lessons learned from available screening instruments used by public health professionals in the fields of human trafficking, domestic violence, sexual assault, and HIV screening. Domestic Violence Evaluation Screening/Assessment Tools, Idaho Domestic Assault and Battery Evaluator Advisory Board, Blog Post: Centering Health Equity for SAAM & Black Maternal Health Week, International Advocacy to End the MMIW Crisis - National MMIW Week of Action, Alliance of Tribal Coalitions to End Violence Webinar - National Week of Action for MMIW, Talking Circle: Supporting Families of Missing or Murdered Indigenous People, Community Organizing / Mobilization / Engagement, FGM / Honor Killings / Forced Marriage / Acid Attacks. Y2z1g)cL7C` n endstream endobj startxref <> This content is owned by the AAFP. Review of current research, however, shows that even simple interventions, such as providing a wallet card that includes information on IPV, safety planning, or local domestic violence shelters, can improve outcomes.17, Major medical bodies, including the American Academy of Family Physicians, the American Medical Association, and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, recommend routine screening for IPV and caution that waiting for more definitive research before addressing IPV puts women at risk.18, Screening tools are limited by the patient's readiness to disclose the abuse. endstream endobj startxref 220 0 obj <>stream The term intimate partner violence refers to physical violence, sexual violence, psychological aggression (including coercive tactics, such as limiting access to financial resources), or stalking by a romantic or sex partner, including spouses, boyfriends, girlfriends, dates, and casual hookups. Severe physical violence includes being hit with a fist or something hard, kicked, hurt by pulling hair, slammed against something, hurt by choking or suffocating, beaten, burned on purpose, or threatened with a knife or gun.1. Social Determinants of Health: Family Physicians' Leadership Role. 133 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<8A33A32616D34F4D8E592CB354C016A7>]/Index[117 32]/Info 116 0 R/Length 82/Prev 19198/Root 118 0 R/Size 149/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Vawnet is a project of: endstream endobj startxref POST Bulletin 2019-04, Domestic Violence Lethality Assessment. Thorough documentation of injuries sustained from abuse is critical. All women of reproductive age are at potential risk of IPV and should be screened. Copyright 2021. It included only one study that examined possible adverse effects. Provide resources (, Give information about local shelters in a way that it is safe for the patient to take with her (e.g., printed on a wallet card, entered into the patient's phone under a code name), Posters, brochures, and safety planning cards, National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, Help with safety planning and crisis interventions. gE^W,+P?G|L?m?0-=]^==j4BjolO&iV}y6{WWOM~EK Related editorial: Beyond Identification of Patients Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence. Identifying Opportunities to Improve Intimate Partner Violence Screening in a Primary Care System, Child Protection in Families Experiencing Domestic Violence (2nd ed.). Data Sources: A literature search was conducted in PubMed using the term intimate partner violence. A safety plan helps prepare the patient to leave if the situation acutely worsens, and they are at immediate risk. Miller, McCaw, Humphreys, & Mitchell (2015) > Domestic Violence Evaluation Screening/Assessment Tools (PDF - 140 KB) 69 0 obj <> endobj Many will not be ready to leave the relationship, whether it be for emotional or more practical reasons, such as financial or safety concerns (most homicides by an intimate partner occur in the year after the abused partner leaves the relationship). 107 0 obj <>stream hbbd``b`v-@)HX@0lA` BE@b,&F % $ 442 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<4E40842C48BFC742A4248438341644B0><5CB5C5492A11F3429DBC91F3E200BA12>]/Index[425 59]/Info 424 0 R/Length 88/Prev 79414/Root 426 0 R/Size 484/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Intimate Partner Violence Risk Assessment Tools: A Review (2012) The studies reviewed for IPV included adolescents to women in their 40s. B recommendation. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. IV0 H2eD@"~k&ziN=@ SZ All Rights Reserved. LH\K\5s-2m8ZQ}U!. Weband women for interpersonal and domestic violence. Females were 84% of spousal abuse victims and Domestic Violence Assessment Tools Looking for upcoming gender-based advocacy events? Voice 1 800 537-2238 | Fax 717 545-9456 | Online Contact Form. Comprehensive services from the health, legal, and law enforcement sectors should be made available to survivors.25. hb```f``z5b@qYL\]v{v-q7-::+DDCE[yG\P/@23)=pwvid !.rSC:bv.$I14R' -hh&@ / The following instruments accurately detect IPV in the past year among adult women: Humiliation, Afraid, Rape, Kick (HARK); Hurt, Insult, Threaten, Scream hWmo6+Ud^ d As![{GQ2i'x=N5a$5DpCh)Hj p*bJ>*5$JkO=%&`o`#B(8 wL51 AEA,! Xi",-. Related editorial: Social Determinants of Health: Family Physicians' Leadership Role. Incorporating discussions of WebLETHALITY ASSESSMENT LETHALITY ASSESSMENT (To the providers: The Lethality Assessment should be administered to patients who screen positive for domestic violence in order to determine the level of danger and severity of the situation. Domestic Violence Inventory (DVI) The DVI is designed specifically for domestic violence offender assessment (male and female). This can aid the patient if charges are pressed.2,23,26,28,29, The World Health Organization recommends legislative reform and media campaigns to increase IPV awareness. The patient should always be clothed when discussing IPV. 3 0 obj WebThis should include training about: the interconnectedness of the abuse of women and children; conducting risk assessments and developing safety plans; the effects of trauma on women and children; the conditions that promote recovery from trauma; the dynamics of sexual and domestic violence perpetration; the risks and forms that post-separation E WebC:\ClientFiles\Herrington&Co\html\clientFiles\pcadv\toolkit\site\docs\Worcester - TDV screeing tool.doc Client Name: Case #: WORCESTER COUNTY HEALTH HITS includes 4 items that assess the frequency of IPV, and E-HITS includes an additional question to assess the frequency of sexual violence. Other recommendations focus on tracking the use of a Lethality Assessment Protocol and risk and needs assessments. The Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) Strategy to Address Intimate Partner Violence (2017 to 2020) identifies priorities for reducing IPV, including training the health care and public health workforce to address IPV.25 HRSA also developed a toolkit26 for clinicians and health centers to help implement screening and interventions for IPV. 2080 Linglestown Road, Suite 106 - Harrisburg, PA 17110. stream Findings show that intimate partner violence screenings are underdelivered and that medical assistants rather than physicians may be a more effective way to deliver the screenings. The USPSTF found inadequate evidence on the harms of screening or interventions for elder abuse or abuse of vulnerable adults. endstream endobj 118 0 obj <>/Metadata 3 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/Pages 115 0 R/StructTreeRoot 7 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 119 0 obj <>/Font<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Type/Page>> endobj 120 0 obj <>stream I statement. Key sources included USPSTF recommendations and Cochrane reviews. Some states require clinicians (including primary care providers) to report abuse to legal authorities, and most require reporting of injuries resulting from guns, knives, or other weapons.16 For elder abuse, mandatory reporting laws and regulations also vary by state; however, most states require reporting.17. Screen for IPV and provide or refer screen-positive women to ongoing support services. Identifying Opportunities to Improve Intimate Partner Violence Screening in a Primary Care System(PDF - 186 KB) %%EOF The USPSTF found adequate evidence that effective interventions that provide or refer women to ongoing support services can reduce violence, abuse, and physical or mental harms in women of reproductive age. ~|!]q4s2Otas5;3sgywp:Qt#[jea$7sqp=FL0mbL ' { |!jTT&CSg>xD{LWx@I::uFzXOQaAk8 64VOQaA%v=(;;2hvj404 "wrJO #" PBs'03Aq'ml}pMIix!D! 1 0 obj Among men who experience sexual violence, physical violence, or stalking, more than 10% experience at least 1 form of an IPV-related adverse effect, such as feeling fearful, feeling concerned for safety, injury, missing days of work or school, and needing medical care.1. Examines intimate partner violence screening in several clinics in California to determine the frequency of screening and if more screening is needed. K)Z_wGmv?h[;9V#Fo.X'myW|D n5^?34:]T=#6|6FXG@_A6C[WR The Governor signed SB 1331 on July 18, 2018. nike elite championship basketball vs wilson evolution,
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