did catherine de medici have a daughter named clarissa

Where was Catherine de Medici born and raised? The treaty became known as the Peace of Monsieur because it was thought that Francis had forced it on the crown. Catherine de' Medici Biography She went on to bear Henry a further eight children, seven of whom survived infancy, including the future Charles IX (born 27 June 1550); the future Henry III (born 19 September 1551); and Francis, Duke of Anjou (born 18 March 1555) and Claude (born 12 November 1547). Upon the death of her brother Henry in 1589, her husband became the King of France and she the Queen. "[94] She was under no illusions, however. [80], The slaughter in Paris lasted for almost a week. [40] Nevertheless, all his official acts began with the words: "This being the good pleasure of the Queen, my lady-mother, and I also approving of every opinion that she holdeth, am content and command that". Her ability and eloquence were acclaimed after the Spanish victory of Saint-Quentin in Picardy in 1557, possibly the origin of her perpetual fear of Spain, which remained, through changing circumstances, the touchstone of her judgments. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [146] As a result, some (more extreme) authors[147] believe Catherine to be the creator of the Black Mass, a Satanic inversion of the traditional Catholic Mass, although there is little to prove this aside from Jean Bodin's account in his book De la dmonomanie des sorciers. Jeanne d'Albret wrote to her son, Henry: "I am not free to talk with either the King or Madame, only the Queen Mother, who goads me [, Holt, 83. [59] Catherine held talks with Jeanne d'Albret, the Protestant queen regnant of Navarre (and the wife of Antoine de Bourbon) at Mcon and Nrac. Anyone who tells you differently is a liar. [81] On 29 September, when Navarre knelt before the altar as a Roman Catholic, having converted to avoid being killed, Catherine turned to the ambassadors and laughed. Catherine could not hold back her sobs. For the first ten years of the marriage, the royal couple failed to produce any children together. [38] The English ambassador reported a few days later that "the house of Guise ruleth and doth all about the French king". WebCatherine de' Medici married Henry, Duke of Orlans, the future Henry II of France, in Marseille on 28 October 1533. Webdecade of Catherine de Medicis marriage was attributed to Henry II, who was born with hypospadias and chordee. Three of her sons became kings of France, while two of her daughters married kings and one married a duke. [101] He went into hiding to fast and pray, surrounded by a bodyguard known as "the Forty-five", and left Catherine to sort out the mess. The death of Pope Leo in 1521 briefly interrupted Medici power until Cardinal Giulio de' Medici was elected Pope Clement VII in 1523. [28] Although she sometimes acted as regent during his absences from France, her powers were strictly nominal. Others point to the Guise family or a Spanish-papal plot to end Coligny's influence on the king. [63] The war was ended by the Peace of Longjumeau of 2223 March 1568, but civil unrest and bloodshed continued. The murder triggered an aristocratic blood feud that complicated the French civil wars for years to come. Her efforts won Catherine new respect from the French people. [135] Barbara Ketcham Wheaton and Stephen Mennell provided the definitive arguments against these claims. She shared the same birthmark as her father, so Catherine had Nostradamus' father, a physician, attempt to remove the birthmark from Clarissa. Catherine outlived all her children except Henry III, who died seven months after her, and Margaret, who inherited her robust health. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Over the years, the two Queens were to maintain an energetic correspondence. Nevertheless, she was devastated at Elisabeths loss. She retreated to her property at Agen and begged her mother for money. [96] The death of the heir to the throne in 1584 prompted the Duke of Guise to assume the leadership of the Catholic League. He cared for her and also arranged her union to Henry, Duke of Orlans, the second son of King Francis I of France, in early 1533. WebClarissa Delacroix was born in 1539, the illegitimate daughter of Queen Catherine de Medici of France and King Henry II of Frances boyhood friend Richard Delacroix. Sebastian instead had Clarissa poisoned to fulfill Nostradamus' prophecy that Mary's arrival at the French court would cause Catherine's firstborn's death; Clarissa was technically Catherine's first child, and her death supposedly saved the sickly Prince Francis, the oldest legitimate child, from his own death. It is also necessary to understand this political struggle of the Catholic crown with its own ultramontane extremists and to perceive its fluctuations in changing circumstances, in order to realize the fundamental consistency of Catherines career. 16th-century Italian noblewoman and queen consort of France, Consorts to debatable or disputed rulers are in. Knecht 1998, p. 8 (dates of death); Hritier 1963, p. 15 (cause of Madeleine's death). [76] Coligny was carried to his lodgings at the Htel de Bthisy, where the surgeon Ambroise Par removed a bullet from his elbow and amputated a damaged finger with a pair of scissors. * * *. WebCatherine's full name is Caterina Maria Romula di Lorenzo de' Medici. 15 Feb 1471, d. 28 Dec 1503. Orphaned within days, Catherine was highly educated, trained, and disciplined by nuns in Florence and Rome and married in 1533 by her uncle, Pope Clement VII, to Henry, duc dOrlans, who inherited the French crown from his father, Francis I, in April 1547. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Catherine-de-Medici, World History Encyclopedia - Catherine de' Medici, History Learning Site - Biography of Catherine de Medici, Lorenzo di Piero de Medici, duca di Urbino. [82], Two years later, Catherine faced a new crisis with the death of Charles IX at the age of twenty-three. [116] She was inspired by the example of her father-in-law, King Francis I of France, who had hosted the leading artists of Europe at his court, and by her Medici ancestors. In desperation, Catherine tried every known trick for getting pregnant, such as placing cow dung and ground stags' antlers on her "source of life", and drinking mule's urine. [75] A smoking arquebus was discovered in a window, but the culprit had made his escape from the rear of the building on a waiting horse. Learn how your comment data is processed. Margaret, however, became almost as much of a thorn in Catherine's side as Francis, and in 1582, she returned to the French court without her husband. Catherine ordered him to court and had him imprisoned as soon as he arrived. "[112] She left in tears. In the words of historian Jules Michelet, "St Bartholomew was not a day, but a season". Her essentially moderate influence was first perceptible during the Conspiracy of Amboise (March 1560), an instance of tumultuous petitioning by the Huguenot gentry, primarily against Guisard persecution in the name of the King. This plan also had the added advantage of removing the Huguenots from France, but it failed to interest the Ottomans.[61]. [98] As Catherine put it, "peace is carried on a stick" (bton porte paix). [119] After Catherine's death, a decline in the quality of French portraiture set in. He shouted at her, "Your words, Madam, have led us all to this butchery. From this time dates the legend of the wicked Italian queen. Clarice Orsini (c. 1453 29 July 1487) was the daughter of Jacopo (Giacomo) Orsini (see Orsini family), lord of Monterotondo and Bracciano, and his wife and cousin Maddalena Orsini. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. "[123] Catherine gradually introduced changes to the traditional entertainments: for example, she increased the prominence of dance in the shows that climaxed each series of entertainments. [110] Immediately after the murder of Guise, Henry entered Catherine's bedroom on the floor below and announced, "Please forgive me. Catherines letters were often filled with advice and instructions. Under Salic law, by which only males could ascend the throne, the Huguenot Henry of Navarre now became heir presumptive to the French crown.[35]. [20] Prince Henry danced and jousted for Catherine. The start of Season One, in 1557, Diane de Poitiers was actually 58 years old. "[126] After Henry II's death, Catherine set out to immortalise her husband's memory and to enhance the grandeur of the Valois monarchy through a series of costly building projects. [49], She summoned church leaders from both sides to attempt to solve their doctrinal differences. They witnessed the first three civil wars and her desperate struggle against the Catholic extremists for the independence of the crown, the maintenance of peace, and the enforcement of limited toleration. About 1538, at the age of 19, Henry had taken as his mistress the 38-year-old Diane de Poitiers,[27] whom he adored for the rest of his life. Clarissa Delacroix(1539-1557) was the illegitimate daughter of Queen Catherine de Medici and the French noble Richard Delacroix. Updates? [4] Some time later, she gave birth to Francis . She was later captured after villagers accused her of stealing, and she was about to be hanged when King Henry's son Sebastian de Poitiers interceded and decided to bring her to court to face trial. [141] This may be particularly true for Catherine as an Italian woman ruling in France; several historians argue that she was disliked by her French subjects, who labelled her "the Italian woman". During his reign, Henry excluded Catherine from state affairs and instead showered favours on his chief mistress, Diane de Poitiers, who wielded much influence over him. Some even suggested that she be handed over to the troops to be used for their sexual gratification. I see him rushing towards his ruin. To create the necessary dramas, music, and scenic effects for these events, Catherine employed the leading artists and architects of the day. Catherine delayed her daughters departure as much as she could, but they finally set out of for Spain on 18 November 1559. Catherine was overjoyed at the match, but her joy was overshadowed by the death of her husband. Elizabeth I was treated with similar suspicionshe too entertained questionable characters (such as her advisor, John Dee), and produced no official heir. The Parisians, however, claimed the right to defend the city themselves. "As the daughter of the Medici," suggests French art historian Jean-Pierre Babelon, "she was driven by a passion to build and a desire to leave great achievements behind her when she died. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. [29] Henry gave the Chteau of Chenonceau, which Catherine had wanted for herself, to Diane de Poitiers, who took her place at the centre of power, dispensing patronage and accepting favours. "[136][139], Catherine de' Medici has been labelled by Wiccan Gerald Gardner a "sinister Queen noted for her interest in the occult arts". Her marriage to Henry would remain childless. Art historian Henri Zerner has called this monument "the last and most brilliant of the royal tombs of the Renaissance. She had always enjoyed her visits to Claude, and now that would never be the same. [30] Diane never regarded Catherine as a threat. The Venetian ambassador, Gerolamo Lipomanno, wrote: "She is an indefatigable princess, born to tame and govern a people as unruly as the French: they now recognize her merits, her concern for unity and are sorry not to have appreciated her sooner. [11], In 1527, the Medici were overthrown in Florence by a faction opposed to the regime of Clement's representative, Cardinal Silvio Passerini, and Catherine was taken hostage and placed in a series of convents. [39] For the moment, Catherine worked with the Guises out of necessity. On 15 June 1588, Henry duly signed the Act of Union, which gave in to all the League's latest demands. I have done to him what he was going to do to me. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. [118] There were also hundreds of portraits, for which a vogue had developed during Catherine's lifetime. Catherine pressed Jeanne d'Albret to attend court. royal 28. Listed works of art included tapestries, hand-drawn maps, sculptures, rich fabrics, ebony furniture inlaid with ivory, sets of china, and Limoges pottery. By 1610, the school patronised by the late Valois court and brought to its pinnacle by Franois Clouet had all but died out. He dispensed with her advice only in the last months of her life but outlived her by just seven months. [105] When Catherine tried to go to Mass, she found her way barred, though she was allowed through the barricades. WebMaybe it goes without saying (because The CW did make a whole TV show about it called Reign), but Catherines daughter-in-law was the equally infamous Mary, Queen of Scots. Her three other daughters did survive to adulthood. Their sister Mary of Guise had married James V of Scotland in 1538 and was the mother of Mary, Queen of Scots. Catherine adopted a moderate stance and spoke against the Guise persecutions, though she had no particular sympathy for the Huguenots, whose beliefs she never shared. Both of her parents died within weeks of her birth, leaving her an orphan. Born: April 13, 1519, in Florence, Italy. [56] The Catholics took Rouen, but their triumph was short-lived. It is essential to understand this in order to discern the coherence of her career. He was tried in November, found guilty of offences against the crown, and sentenced to death. The treaty was sealed by the betrothal of Catherine's thirteen-year-old daughter Elisabeth to Philip II of Spain. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. She shared the same birthmark as her father, so Catherine had Nostradamus' father, a physician, attempt to remove the birthmark from Clarissa. [125], Catherine de' Medici's great love among the arts was architecture. Frieda 2003, p. 48 (NY edition): "J'ai reu la fille toute nue." In early 1572, Joan Henrys mother and Queen regnant of Navarre arrived in France feeling ill and tired but determined to see the marriage negotiations through.
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