In addition, the existing research results focus on the visual recognition characteristics of drivers distracted by operating cell phones in a single traffic condition of the same road type, with few studies carried out under different traffic conditions. 121, Article ID 102319, 2021. Since 1902, the not-for-profit, fully tax-paying AAA has been a leader and advocate for safe mobility. (2)Data standardization processing. In order to quantitatively characterize the influence of cell phone call mode on the drivers visual behavior in different traffic conditions and to analyze the risk level of distracted driving from the visual level, a distracted driving simulation test was Lytx clients coached 3 million risky driving events this summer. Risk 8697, 2018. Here, 3D-MAX software was used to build the test scenario to simulate the driving conditions of drivers on urban expressways in clear weather. 28, no. Risky He et al., ID-YOLO: real-time salient object detection based on the drivers fixation region, IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. M. E. S. Rondora, A. Pirdavani, and A. P. C. Larocca, Driver behavioral classification on curves based on the relationship between speed, trajectories, and eye movements: a driving simulator study, Sustainability, vol. All Rights Reserved. Risk The grey correlation coefficient of different driving states in FFS and CFS. J. L. Harbluk, Y. I. Noy, P. L. Trbovich, and M. Eizenman, An on-road assessment of cognitive distraction: impacts on drivers visual behavior and braking performance, Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. Y. Yao, X. Zhao, X. Feng, and J. Rong, Assessment of secondary tasks based on drivers' eye-movement features, IEEE Access, vol. 101, Article ID 103692, 2022. Lytxs scale and enduring commitment to customer-centered innovation has allowed us to create the best edge-detection and alerting technology in the industry, said Brandon Nixon, Lytx chairman and CEO. 118, pp. Follow Lytx in the news and around the world at events and trade shows. K. Tahkoubit, H. Shaiek, D. Roviras, S. Faci, and A. Ali-Pacha, Generalized iterative dichotomy PAPR reduction method for multicarrier waveforms, IEEE Access, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 5262, 2022. A July 2009 VTTI study shows that above all, texting is one of the most dangerous behaviors a driver can engage in. texting), drug use, binge drinking, and risky sexual behavior. Our mission is to help you make educated insurance decisions with confidence. The design of the distracted driving simulation test followed the process shown in Figure 1. Fixation area division based on hierarchical clustering of fixation points. L. Ocampo, J. L. Aro, S. S. Evangelista et al., Composite ecotourism potential index based on an integrated stochastic CRITIC-weighted sum method, Current Issues in Tourism, vol. 5, pp. Avoid the Six Most Unsafe Driving Behaviors To join, visit AAA.com. Before joining QuinStreet, John was a deputy editor at The Wall Street Journal and had been an editor and reporter at a number of other media outlets where he covered insurance, personal finance, and technology. We harness the power of video to help clients see what happened in the past, manage their operations more efficiently in the present, and improve driver behavior to change the future. Alcohol impairment is scientifically shown to reduce driver response times and reaction times, thereby greatly increasing the potential for a crash, says Sam Morrissey, former executive director of Urban Movement Labs, a nonprofit working to design and deploy transportation technology. The urban expressway scenario was developed for the simulated driving test to collect eye movement data when the drivers were in different driving states during driving to provide data support for the subsequent analysis of the drivers' visual characteristics. 2022, Article ID 7213814, 15 pages, 2022. The saccade amplitude is the range covered by the line of sight from the beginning to the end of a saccade, usually expressed in degrees of view [48]. And 55% of those killed during nighttime in 2019 were unrestrained. X. Yang, F. Wang, Y. Wang, T. Zhao, C. Gao, and X. Hu, Are pupils the window of our mind? AAA encourages drivers to maintain a cool head and focus on reaching their destination safely. The distribution of PARSV was similar in the two traffic conditions, and the mean PARSV of drivers in the cell phone operation state was generally increased compared with the normal driving state, and the growth rates of the hands-free call state were relatively low, 2.64% and 0.77% in free flow and congested flow, respectively, while the mean PARSV in video call state increased more, with growth rates of 8.52% and 5.64%, respectively, indicating that the saccade velocity fluctuated greatly and the visual stability decreased during distracted driving. 13, no. proposed the concept of relative change intensity of pupil area (RCPA) based on the characteristics of visual load oscillation, that is, the ratio of the amount of pupil area change in two driving environments indicates the fluctuation amplitude of visual load [56]. Drivers and passengers who fail to buckle up when they get into a car face high risks in the event of a crash 47% of passenger vehicle occupants who were killed in 2019 in crashes were not wearing seat belts. 2672, no. As alcohol is ingested, it passes into the bloodstream and accumulates before the liver metabolizes it. H. Ge, M. Zheng, N. Lyu, Y. Lu, and H. Sun, Review on driving distraction, Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, vol. 5, pp. 2284422854, 2017. The NHTSA says alcohol level is measured by the weight of the alcohol in a specific volume of blood, which is called Blood Alcohol Concentration, or BAC. Driving is a seemingly innocuous part of modern life and, for many, has become second nature. Therefore, the division of visual field areas and the accurate representation of the distribution characteristics of drivers fixation areas are the basis for studying drivers visual characteristics. Disclaimer: The advertisers appearing on this website are clients from which QuinStreet receives compensation (Sponsors). Get your questions answered and learn how our solutions can help you transform your fleet. The saccade amplitude was mainly distributed from 6.67 to 24.76 in the free flow scenario and from 3.47 to 21.27 in the congested flow scenario. Study Shows Parents Driving Behaviors Influence Teens Manufacturing fear-based trigger-happyresponses to innocent behavior can be deadly. Communication: The Key to Understanding Behaviors 253262, 2018. A. R. Mishra, P. Rani, and K. Pandey, Fermatean fuzzy CRITIC-EDAS approach for the selection of sustainable third-party reverse logistics providers using improved generalized score function, Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, vol. B. Reimer, B. Mehler, Y. Wang, and J. F. Coughlin, A field study on the impact of variations in short-term memory demands on drivers visual attention and driving performance across three age groups, Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, vol. "Ultimately, knowing what drives us puts us in the driver's seat. To complete this review, electronic searches using databases from the disciplines of nursing, medicine, and psychology were used with keywords alcohol and risky behavior, risky drinking, risky driving, risky sex, and sexual aggression, as well The distracted driving test platform was built based on driving simulation technology, and the developed simulation scenarios were imported into the driving simulator, with the operation control platform for scenario fusion and system debugging work to complete the platform construction, combined with the eye tracker and the supporting Begaze analysis software for driving simulation tests. For more information on Lytx telematics systems, visitwww.lytx.com,@lytxon Twitter,LinkedIn, ourFacebookpage or ourYouTubechannel. 2, p. 2021, 2021. In order to quantitatively characterize the influence of cell phone Firstly, the drivers fixation area was divided into six parts by using the combination of the hierarchical clustering method and mechanical division method. 7177, 2013. Among them, the hierarchical clustering method has the advantages of easy discovery of hierarchical relations between clusters and flexible implementation [45]. API integrations. Learn how to avoid unnecessary arguments and recognize the triggers which may result in aggressive or risky behaviors. Do Distraction, Emotion, and Other Unsafe Behaviors Understand how telematics technology works to help fleets improve their operations, safety, and compliance. The PARSV of all drivers was calculated, as shown in Figure 6, which was mainly distributed from 2.726 to 3.316dB in free flow and 2.851 to 3.352dB in congested flow. At this time, the mutual interference between vehicles was obvious, showing the speed adaptation characteristics, and the road was continuously congested. Considering the lack of in-depth discussion on the impact of video call operation on drivers driving safety in previous studies, this article designed two typical traffic flow scenarios of free flow and congested flow on urban expressways to carry out a distracted driving simulation test and collected the eye movement data of drivers in three driving states of normal driving, hands-free call, and video call, respectively, and comprehensively considered the characteristics of drivers eye fixation, saccade, and pupil changes to select four visual indicators. 28, no. Distracted driving led to 10,546 fatalities, 1.3 million nonfatal injuries and $98.2 billion in economic costs in 2019. Risky Driving Behaviors of Drivers Who Use Alcohol and Marijuana Learn more about smart, simple dash cam solutions exclusively for resellers. 42, no. Comparison of drivers IEFA for each driving state in different traffic conditions. (5)Calculation of indicator information quantity. (4)Indicator conflict analysis. All rights reserved. Drink-driving warning as alcohol stays in your system longer than Get help with your Lytx solutions through our customer support center. Lytx maintains the fastest-growing proprietary database of professional driving data of its kind, currently surpassing 130 billion miles of driving data. Section 3 introduces the concepts and analysis steps of the improved CRITIC weighting model and the grey correlation analysis method. But because driving comes so easily, we often forget how dangerous it can be. 100103, 2019. With the continuous innovation and development of intelligent terminals and communication technologies, the equipment of various electronic devices in the car provides convenience and simultaneously makes the potential sources of distraction for drivers continue to grow, and the demand for multitasking significantly increases [5, 6]. In automated driving, risk describes potential harm to passengers of an autonomous vehicle (AV) and other road users. Overall design framework of simulated driving test. The results show that different cell phone call modes increased driving risk in both traffic conditions. 130, 2022. 114235114245, 2021. Millennials Are the Riskiest Drivers, Just Ask AAA 14, no. 17, 2018. Similarly, the higher the information entropy of the drivers fixation area is, the more discrete the distribution of fixation points is, and vice versa, the more concentrated it is. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has identified six risky driving behaviors. What is a JUA or an assigned risk pool for high-risk driver car insurance? 17861798, 2022. 2: Drug-impaired driving Risky driving behavior No. The report on the economic impact of crashes also touched on the risky driving behaviors that lead to crashes, fatalities, serious injuries and property damage. There have been many years of evolving policies to reduce the instances of this behavior, and it is a combination of stricter enforcement and serious penalties.. Drivers, Weighted to Represent U.S. Driving Population Ages 16 and Older. Due to the differences in density and importance of the information contained in different areas of the driving visual field, drivers often adopt the visual search pattern of selective attention [43]. Behavior 55, pp. Set objects to be evaluated and evaluation indicators to form the original indicator data matrix as follows:where denotes the original data of the th evaluation indicator of the th evaluation object. 454468, 2012. And what compounds these safety challenges, especially at night, are speeding, aggressive driving, distracted driving and impairment from alcohol or drugs. 537541, 2021. This work was supported in part by the Inner Mongolia Science and Technology Planning Project (2022YFSH0071). R. Saha, M. T. Tariq, M. Hadi, and Y. Xiao, Pattern recognition using clustering analysis to support transportation system management, operations, and modeling, Journal of Advanced Transportation, vol. 28 Apr 2023 20:14:07 Copyright 2023 AAA. N. Zhao, B. Reimer, B. Mehler, L. A. These behaviors include drunk driving, drug To join, visit AAA.com. Note: Percentages include responses of a few times, fairly often, or regularly., * DUI refers to self-reported driving under the influence, not being charged with a DUI by law enforcement. 4, pp. The drivers fixation area is divided into six categories of AOIs. The road length was 20km, the lane width was 3.5m, and the speed limit was 80km/h. She most recently worked in the public sector for the Nevada Department of Transportation. About 28 people in the United States die in drunk-driving crashes every day. As a new universal indicator, it can better quantify the level of visual load of drivers and measure visual comfort. (PDF) Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Optimistic Risk Comparison of drivers pupil area during normal driving in different traffic conditions. Lets pinpoint new behaviors you want to do, so you can see Due to the intelligent and diversified functions of cell phones, operating cell phones has been one of the main causes of driving distraction [79]. However, the influence of this new secondary driving task on drivers visual characteristics is still unclear, and there is a lack of corresponding supervision. Compared to alcohol-only users, drivers who admitted to using both were more likely to report such behaviors as: Speeding on residential streets (55%) vs. alcohol-only (35%) Aggressive driving (52%) vs. alcohol-only (28%) Intentional red-light running (48%) vs alcohol-only (32%) Texting while driving (40%) vs. alcohol-only (21%) J. Yang, C. Liu, P. Chu, X. Wen, and Y. Zhang, Exploration of the relationships between hazard perception and eye movement for young drivers, Journal of Advanced Transportation, vol. The calculation results of the grey correlation degree are shown in Table 14, and the change in the relationship between VSC and correlation degree was drawn in combination with the mean VSC of the drivers, as shown in Figure 13. Texting is the largest culprit sending or receiving a text takes a drivers eyes off the road for five seconds, which, at 55 mph, is like driving across a football field with your eyes closed. In order to explore the individual differences in pupil area, the significance test was performed on the pupil area of the drivers, and the results of one-way ANOVA are shown in Table 9, with significant individual differences in the pupil area of the drivers. Reduced effectiveness of occupant protection equipment. By calculating the correlation coefficient between evaluation indicators and taking the absolute value, the conflict between indicators is measured. 21, no. 161165, 2021. T. Li, T. Zhang, Y. Zhang, and L. Yang, Driver fatigue detection method based on human pose information entropy, Journal of Advanced Transportation, vol. 26, pp. Figure 7 shows that the size and distribution of pupil area varied from person to person. Using the worlds largest driving database of its kind, along with proprietary machine vision and artificial intelligence technology, we help protect and connect thousands of fleets and more than 1.3 million drivers worldwide. D'Ambrosio, and J. F. Coughlin, Self-reported and observed risky driving behaviors among frequent and infrequent cell phone users, Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. Learn how we combine innovation with experience to stand out from the crowd. 4, 7 Often, several of these risk factors are present: In particular, teens who text while driving are more likely to have other risky driving behaviors as well, compared to those who don't text while driving. Risky driving behaviors * Subject to available cellular network coverage. F. Zong, X. Chen, J. Tang, P. Yu, and T. Wu, Analyzing traffic crash severity with combination of information entropy and bayesian network, IEEE Access, vol. (3)Calculate the grey correlation coefficient. 9, pp. P. Gershon, K. R. Sita, C. M. Zhu et al., Distracted driving, visual inattention, and crash risk among teenage drivers, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, vol. Compared with the congested flow, the drivers VSC in the free flow scenario was more sensitive to the influence of the same cell phone operation, indicating that the main driving task occupied fewer visual and cognitive resources in the free flow scenario with a single driving environment and drivers allocated more attention to the cell phone call subtask, resulting in a significant decrease in the stability of the visual information processing process and a greater increase in driving risk when distracted driving. From choosing to drive while impaired, and speeding, to driving distracted or running red lights, using these two drugs leads to poor decision-making with potentially fatal consequences.. Risk Streamline compliance for drivers and fleet managers to keep your fleet productive and safe. (a) FFS. 1: Drunk driving Risky driving behavior No. Archived - Safer Roads campaign highlights too many fatalities Here are the three most common factors in drowsy-driving crashes: NHTSA Distracted Driving Dangers and Statistics, NHTSA Drowsy Driving: How to Avoid Falling Asleep Behind the Wheel, NHTSA Early Estimate of Motor Vehicle Traffic Fatalities for the First 9 Months (JanuarySeptember) of 2022, NHTSA The Economic and Societal Impact of Motor Vehicle Crashes, 2019. Limited time offer. The IEFA was introduced to represent the drivers visual search span, the PARSV was established to reflect the dynamic balance degree of saccade behavior, and combined with saccade amplitude and RCPA, the influence of the combined effect of traffic conditions and driving states on the drivers visual behavior was comprehensively analyzed. There were 697 drowsy-driving-related crashes in 2019. New York State Bureau of EMS Policy 08-04 Re: Passenger The test consisted of a pretest and a formal test. We as humans behave the way we do for one reason: to get what we need and want. Texting. 3, pp. Further normalizing this behavior, 18 states and Washington, D.C., have legalized marijuana for recreational use. In contrast, the drivers pupil area in the congested flow scenario increased sharply due to the complex driving environment in the congested flow scenario, which required the drivers to observe the road information all the time and invest more visual cognitive resources to adjust the driving state to ensure safe driving. 12, no. At present, scholars have conducted some research on the visual characteristics of drivers when distracted by cell phone operations [13, 1720]. 54, no. Its effects vary by individual, but several studies, including one that AAA released in 2020, have concluded that marijuana use impairs the ability to drive safely, added Nelson. 730735, 2018. 2021, Article ID 6642999, 10 pages, 2021. D. Zhang, F. Chen, J. Zhu et al., Research on drivers' hazard perception in plateau environment based on visual characteristics, Accident Analysis & Prevention, vol. The design content of the test is described in detail below. Most states 47 states plus the District of Columbia have laws against texting. Around 47% of passengers killed in 2019 in crashes were not wearing seat belts. 317325, 2018. If you encounter a dangerous driver, maintain space around your vehicle and contact 9-1-1 if needed. Cell phone call operations during driving can lead to distraction and cause potential safety hazards. Information entropy is an indicator to quantify the amount of information in information theory, borrowed from thermodynamics and measures the ordering degree of a system. 3742, 2021. J. Zhang, Y. Wang, and G. Lu, Extended desired safety margin car-following model that considers variation of historical perceived risk and acceptable risk, Transportation Research Record, vol. State Council of the People's Republic of China, Regulation on the Implementation of the Road Traffic Safety Law of the People's Republic of China, State Council of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China, 2017. Considering the complexity of distracted driving, future comparative studies should be attempted in other road scenarios, combining individual driver attribute characteristics and multiple dimensional indicators such as ECG, EEG, and head movement to comprehensively consider the risk level of distracted driving states. 119, pp. When someone is drink-driving, their reaction time is much slower and their ability to judge speed is signifiactly affected, which can increase the risk of a car accident. The calculation results of the grey correlation coefficient under two traffic conditions are shown in Figure 12. Among them, the negative influence of video calls on driving safety was significantly higher than that of hands-free calls, with a significant decrease in VSC, and the drivers VSC in the free flow scenario was more sensitive to the impact of cell phone call operation, and the driving risk increased significantly during distracted driving. The decision matrix is constructed as follows: Determine the reference sequence and comparison sequence. The most common distraction research is on cell phone call operations, which is a continuous and cumulative distraction process, and the research usually focuses on hand-held and hands-free calls. H. Y. W. Chen, L. Hoekstra-Atwood, and B. Donmez, Voluntary- and involuntary-distraction engagement: an exploratory study of individual differences, Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, vol. In fact, risky behavior associated with bad driving was found alarmingly prevalent among all age groups in the study.
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