The institution also found "a broad range of travelers of different income levels choose HSR for its comfort, convenience, safety and punctuality. How fast is bullet train in China? CRH trainsets are intended to provide fast and convenient travel between cities. Economic benefits of high-speed rail: Do they match the breakneck speed? Opponents noted that high-speed rail in other countries were expensive and mostly unprofitable. [209] This EMU passenger figure includes ridership from certain D- and C-class trains that are technically not within the definition of high-speed rail in China, as well as ridership from EMU train sets serving routes on conventional track or routes that combine high-speed track and conventional track. Profit from the additional features of your individual account. China's high-speed rail construction projects are highly capital intensive. 'Harmony') is for designs which are imported from other nations and designated CRH-1 through CRH-5 and CRH380A(L), CRH380B(L), and CRH380C(L). Slow and often uncomfortable trains plodded across this vast country, with low average speeds making journeys such as. The most important key figures provide you with a compact summary of the topic of "High-speed rail in China" and take you straight to the corresponding statistics. [74] From July 20, 2011, the frequency of train service from Jinan to Beijing and Tianjin was reduced due to low occupancy, which renewed concerns about demand and profitability for high-speed services. [154] Conservative scholars and officials are worried that the indebted high-speed rail is further exacerbated by its unprofitability, operating at a daily loss of $24 million USD as of November 2021. [52] In addition, high-speed rail fares are considerably more expensive than conventional rail service. Fact Sheet | High Speed Rail Development Worldwide [158], Overall, ridership is growing as the high-speed rail network continues to expand. [210][211][212][213], In October 2016 China's CRRC announced that it was beginning research and development on a 600km/h (373mph) Maglev train and would build a 5km (3.1mi) test track. [104], To ease the credit shortage facing rail construction, the Ministry of Finance announced tax cuts to interest earned on rail construction financing bonds and the State Council ordered state banks to renew lending to rail projects. Are China's Railways Profitable? - Here Comes China! [135] In 2025, the HSR network will reach a total lenght of 50.000km and will grow further.[136]. China has the world's only commercial maglev high-speed train line in operation. EMU trains operating on non-high speed track or otherwise but at speeds below 200km/h (124mph) are not considered high-speed rail. The route is part of China's Belt and Road Initiative, and the completed . The transferred technology includes assembly, body, bogie, traction current transforming, traction transformers, traction motors, traction control, brake systems, and train control networks. In 2007, travel time from Beijing to Shanghai was about 10 hours at a top speed of 200km/h (124mph) on the upgraded BeijingShanghai Railway. In the same year, the Ministry of Science and the MOR agreed to a joint action plan for the indigenous innovation of high-speed trains in China. This has allowed high-speed rail to attract more than 1.7 billion passengers a year from all income groups. [186] However, China's average income per capita is considerably lower than these other countries, so the high speed train fares remain unaffordable for most but the well-to-do. China has built the world's largest bullet-train network About 4050% of financing is provided by the national government through lending by state owned banks and financial institutions, another 40% by the bonds issued by the Ministry of Railway (MOR) and the remaining 1020% by provincial and local governments. [120] High-speed passenger rail service expanded to 28 provinces and regions. The Qinhuangdao-Shenyang Line showed the greater compatibility of HSR on conventional track with the rest of China's standard gauge rail network. [209] Of the 3.313 billion passenger-trips delivered by China Railway in 2018, EMU train sets carried 2.001 billion passenger-trips. China's flagship high-speed rail project in Indonesia is expected to become profitable 40 years after completion - not 20 as earlier projected - partly because plans to shift the capital to . Are high-speed rail systems profitable? - KnowledgeBurrow.com Some 295 stations have been built or renovated to allow high-speed trains.[31][32]. Get in touch with us. Construction first started on this 1,318 km-line in 2008, and it opened for commercial service in 2011. [75], On July 23, 2011, two high-speed trains collided on the NingboTaizhouWenzhou railway in Lucheng District of Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province. [185], In 2013 fares for China's high-speed rail service costs significantly less than similar systems in other developed countries, for comparison high speed rail tickets in France or Germany cost slightly over US$0.10 per kilometer and the various Shinkansen services hover above US$0.20 per kilometer. As a Premium user you get access to background information and details about the release of this statistic. On April 19, 2008, HefeiNanjing PDL in the East opened with a top-speed of 250km/h (155mph). The study also noted a range of benefits which included shortened travel times, improved safety and better facilitation of tourism, labor and mobility, as well as reducing highway congestion, accidents and greenhouse emissions as some automobile travellers switch from car use to rail. Signals malfunctioned, causing another train to rear-end the stalled train. China is the third country, after Japan and France, to have one billion cumulative HSR passengers. [52] They are competing directly with the established European and Japanese manufacturers, and sometimes partnering with them. statistic alerts) please log in with your personal account. New Delhi [India], May 1 (ANI): The training of Indian engineers and work leaders have started for the High-Speed Rail Track system for the Mumbai-Ahmedabad high speed rail corridor (MAHSR), for T-2 Package (covering 237 km between Vapi and Vadodara). [5][6] Almost all HSR trains, track and service are owned and operated by the China Railway Corporation under the brand China Railway High-speed (CRH). Most of the components of the CRH trains manufactured by Chinese companies were from local suppliers, with only a few parts imported. In the first three quarters of 2012, the line lost 1.87 billion. Show sources information It was profitable every year between 2014 and 2019, according to national railway operator China State Railway Group Co. Bombardier transfers advanced and mature technology to China, which we do not treat as an experimental market.[44] Unlike other series which have imported prototypes, all CRH1 trains have been assembled at Bombardier's joint-venture with CSR, Bombardier Sifang in Qingdao. IPO for China's most profitable high-speed train - Asia Times The global expansion of China's high-speed rail sector is particularly problematic because of its disregard for profit. China has built around 26,000 miles (42,000 kilometers) of dedicated high-speed railways since 2008 and plans to top 43,000 miles (70,000 kilometers) by 2035. They became known as passenger-designated lines (PDLs). [139] However, according to The New York Times, the Chinese high-speed rail network is "one of the worlds safest transportation systems. Annual car sales worldwide 2010-2022, with a forecast for 2023, Battery electric vehicles in use worldwide 2016-2021, Annual gas prices in the United States 1990-2021, Automotive industry worldwide - statistics & facts, Motorcycle industry in the United States - statistics & facts, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. Those sections will carry a mix of passenger and freight. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 600+ segments in 150+ countries, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 70m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 35,000+ online stores and marketplaces. Once the designs are developed, a separate tender will be held for the actual construction of the rail link, which Russian Railways expects to cost 1.06 trillion rubles ($19.5 billion).[223]. [106] As of October 12, 2011, the MOR had issued 160 billion of debt for the year. [180] Others warn that the financing side of the existing construction and operation model is unsustainable. This 405km (252mi) standard gauge, dual-track, electrified line was built between 1999 and 2003. According to a World Bank paper published last week, China's high-speed rail so far has cost between $17m and $21m per kilometre, even though it has a high ratio of big-ticket viaducts and tunnels. Learn more about how Statista can support your business. Is European high-speed rail profitable? [14] In 2021, China's state railway company have also vowed to prioritise in reforms that aims to improve the productivity and efficiency of its high speed rail network, rather than focus on the expansion of track mileage. A Shanghai-Hangzhou maglev line was also initially discussed but later shelved in favour of conventional high-speed rail. Supporters argued that high-speed rail would boost future economic growth. To date, China owns the largest HSR system in the world, with a total operating high-speed rail network of 40,000 kilometers in 2021. Photo . Railway officials lowered the top speed of trains on most lines that were running at 350km/h (217mph) to 300km/h (186mph). Show publisher information The HSR network reached 42,000km (26,000mi) in total length in December 2022[3] with plans to reach 70,000km (43,000mi) in 2035. In, Bloomberg. [180] In December 2014, the Henan provincial government imposed a rule requiring municipal authorities pay 70% of the deficit incurred by Henan's intercity lines with the provincial authorities paying the remainder 30%. The plan envisions a larger 8+8 high speed rail grid serving the nation and expanded intercity lines for regional and commuter services for large metropolitan areas of China. Some high speed trains also continue on or run over connecting segments of upgraded conventional lines. Raymond Seow on Twitter: "What did the delicate girl do for the State planning for China's current high-speed railway network began in the early 1990s under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping. "[4], Lastly, the HSR network includes newly built rail lines with a design speed of 200250km/h (120160mph) that can carry high-speed passenger and express freight trains.[4]. [115][116] However in 2013, only few lines had yet become profitable. Clicking on the following button will update the content below. Public Transportation & Mobility Services, Intercity rail services in the United States, Get the best reports to understand your industry, World Rail Market Study - Executive Summary 2020. Use Ask Statista Research Service, Public Transportation & Mobility Services, Fastest trains in the world by record speed 2022, Length of highspeed railway lines in use worldwide in 2021, by country, Passenger transport volume of highspeed railways in China 2008-2021, Revenue of the China Railway Group (CREC) 2011-2021, To download this statistic in XLS format you need a Statista Account, To download this statistic in PNG format you need a Statista Account, To download this statistic in PDF format you need a Statista Account. China Railway assumed control of complete railway network that was built by the dissolved Ministry of Railways. It opened for operations in March 2004, and transports passengers between Shanghai's Longyang Road station and Shanghai Pudong International Airport. Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports, China's investment in intercity high-speed rail and rail transit. Dedicated guideways eliminate shared tracks with slower freight, transit or Amtrak. As of 2022, the China State Railway Group has had a debt of around $900 billion USD, according to Nikkei. According to the filing, published by the China Securities Regulatory Commission on Friday, Beijing-Shanghai High Speed Railway, which operates the 1,300km (807 mile) line, booked a net profit of . More than 110,000 tourists from mainland China left Hong Kong on the first day . The "fastest" train commercial service can be defined alternatively by a train's top speed or average trip speed. The new trains reduced travel time between Beijing and Shanghai by two hours to just under 10 hours. China's high-speed railway between Beijing and Shanghai served 130 million people last year, and a shareholder says it made a net profit of $1 billion--its first since opening in 2011. [37] Alstom of France, Siemens of Germany, Bombardier Transportation based in Germany and a Japanese consortium led by Kawasaki all submitted bids. [121] The number of high-speed train sets in operation grew from 1,277 pairs in June to 1,556.5 pairs in December. The high-speed rail (HSR) network in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is the world's longest and most extensively used with a total length of 42,000 kilometres (26,000mi) by the end of 2022. China's high-speed rail network appears to be following this trend. [231], Media related to High-speed rail in China at Wikimedia Commons, For rail transport in China generally, see. The completion of the sixth round of the "Speed-Up" Campaign in April 2007 brought HSR service to more existing lines: 423km (263mi) capable of 250km/h (155mph) train service and 3,002km (1,865mi) capable of 200km/h (124mph). [111] The BeijingTianjin, ShanghaiNanjing, BeijingShanghai and ShanghaiHangzhou lines reported breaking even financially[114][115][116][117] The Shanghai-Nanjing line even reported to be operationally profitable,[116] operating with a 380 million yuan net profit. After the completion of a third track in 2000 and a fourth in 2007, the line became the first in China to run high-speed passenger and freight service on separate tracks. Why High-Speed Rail is Such a Heavy Lift - Railway Age China: passenger transport volume of highspeed rail 2021 - Statista [179] China Railway reports the number of passengers carried by high-speed EMU train sets and this figure is frequently reported as high-speed ridership, even though this figure includes passengers from EMU trains providing sub-high speed service. This ambitious national grid project was planned to be built by 2020, but the government's stimulus has expedited time-tables considerably for many of the lines. [97][98] The Minister of Railways announced further cuts in the speed of Chinese high-speed trains, with the speed of the second-tier 'D' trains reduced from 250km/h (155mph) to 200km/h (124mph), and 200km/h (124mph) to 160km/h (99mph) on upgraded pre-existing lines. [37] The State Council turned to advanced technology abroad but made clear in directives that China's HSR expansion could not only benefit foreign economies and should also be used to develop its own high-speed train building capacity through technology transfers. Examples of technology transfer include Mitsubishi Electrics MT205 traction motor and ATM9 transformer to CSR Zhuzhou Electric, Hitachis YJ92A traction motor and Alstoms YJ87A Traction motor to CNR Yongji Electric, Siemens TSG series pantograph to Zhuzhou Gofront Electric. [11], Many of the Passenger Designated Lines use ballastless tracks, which allow for smoother train rides at high speeds and can withstand heavy use without warping. [184] According to the World Bank, a stable long term planning and standardization of technology and design used in the high-speed rail helps to reduce financial and operational cost. Sanctions: Economic Weapon of the New Cold War - MR Online While a number of high-speed railways in eastern China have started to be operationally profitable since 2015, the high speed railways in the midwest still operate at a loss. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Market forecast and expert KPIs for 600+ segments in 150+ countries, Insights on consumer attitudes and behavior worldwide, Business information on 70m+ public and private companies, Detailed information for 35,000+ online stores and marketplaces. He also introduced that a few days ago, he traveled from Chengdu to . The line supports commercial train service at speeds of 200250km/h (120160mph), and has become a segment of the rail corridor between Beijing and Northeast China. This percentage increased to 65%, 69% and 72% in the year of 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. [188] As of October 2013, high-speed rail was carrying twice as many passengers each month as the country's airlines. In May 2011, China's Environmental Protection Ministry ordered the halting of construction and operation of two high-speed lines that failed to pass environmental impact tests. It is also known as "the most profitable" rail line, with annual growth rate of profits registered at 39.4 percent from 2014 to 2019. [215][216], Typical application of track technology in China high-speed lines, Chinese train-makers and rail builders have signed agreements to build HSRs in Turkey, Venezuela, Argentina,[217] and Indonesia[218] and are bidding on HSR projects in the United States, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Brazil (So Paulo to Rio de Janeiro) and Myanmar, and other countries. Mainland tourists said the high hotel prices and the fully resumed cross-border high-speed rail were factors in . Finally, residents living along the proposed maglev route have raised health concerns about noise and electromagnetic radiation emitted by the trains, despite an environmental assessment by the Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences saying the line was safe. [230] It overtook the G529/530 trains for the Beijing West - Beihai (Beihai Railway Station [zh]) service (2,697km (1,676mi), 15 1/2 hours for southbound train, 15 3/4 hours for northbound train), which had set the previous record on July 1, 2016. Build It, And They Will. On mixed-use HSR lines, passenger train service can attain peak speeds of 200250km/h (120160mph). Are you interested in testing our business solutions? To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set certain regional "intercity" HSR lines with a design speed of 200350km/h (120220mph). [131], In 2016, with the near completion of the National 4+4 grid, a new "Mid-to-Long Term Railway Network" Plan was drafted. How profitable is China's high-speed rail? - Quora [138], Despite having the second largest route-kilometer growth after Turkey since 2017,[145] there has been debate whether China's high-speed railway network is economically efficient. As of 2021, the operation length of the high-speed rail (HSR) in China amounted to around . ", Gerald Ollivier, Richard Bullock, Ying Jin and Nanyan Zhou, "High-Speed Railways in China: A Look at Traffic" World Bank China Transport Topics No. Develop an indigenous high-speed rail equipment industry. Overcrowding on existing rail lines, they said, could be solved by expanding capacity through higher speed and frequency of service. On 2011-07-24. The high-speed rail (HSR) network in the People's Republic of China (PRC) is the world's longest and most extensively used - with a total length of 42,000 kilometres (26,000 mi) by the end of 2022. Under political and public pressure, the National Audit Office (NAO) carried out an extensive investigation into the building quality of all high-speed rail lines. However, these patents are only valid within China, and as such hold no international power. [101] From July to September, high-speed rail ridership in China fell by nearly 30 million to 151 million trips. Intercity railways are designed to provide regional high-speed rail service between large cities and metropolitan areas that are generally within the same province. The HSR network encompasses newly built rail lines with a design speed of 200-350 km/h (120-220 mph). High-speed trains on HSR Corridors can generally reach 300350km/h (190220mph). [37] The State Council, MOR and state-owned train builders used China's large market and competition among foreign train-makers to force technology transfers of foreign high speed rail technology[citation needed]. China's once profitable railways records $900bn debt over push for growth On mixed-use HSR lines, passenger train service can attain peak speeds of 200250km/h (120160mph). [187][53], The spread of high-speed rail has forced domestic airlines in China to slash airfare and cancel regional flights. The China Railways DJF2 (Xianfeng) train was produced in 2001 and set a speed record of 292.8km/h (181.9mph) on September 10, 2002. China's Beijing-Shanghai high-speed rail operator is more profitable [209] At the end of 2018, cumulative passengers delivered by EMU trains is reported to be over 9 billion. You need at least a Starter Account to use this feature. China's high-speed rail expansion is entirely managed, planned and financed by the Chinese government. The report quotes an unnamed executive who . To increase transport capacity, the MOR ordered 70 16-car trainsets from CSR Sifang and BST, including 10 sets of CRH1B and 20 sets of CRH2B seating trains, 20 sets of CRH1E and 20 sets of CRH2E sleeper trains. Those sections will carry a mix of passenger and freight. [209] In 2007, CRH EMU trains running on conventional track upgraded in the sixth round of the "Speed-up Campaign" carried 61 million passengers, before the country's first high-speed rail line, the BeijingTianjin intercity railway, opened in August 2008. liability for the information given being complete or correct. [178], The Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan PDL lost 0.8billion in its first year and is set to lose 0.9billion in 2010. The BeijingShanghai high-speed railway, the second major cross-regional line, opened in June 2011 and was the first line designed with a top speed of 380km/h (236mph) in commercial service. [133], Since 2017, with the introduction of the Fuxing series of trains, a number of lines have resumed 350km/h operations such as BeijingShanghai HSR, BeijingTianjin ICR, and ChengduChongqing ICR. Please do not hesitate to contact me. Policy planners debated the necessity and economic viability of high-speed rail service. Large construction debt-loads require significant revenues from rider fares, subsidies, and/or other sources of income, such as advertising, to repay. [15], A 2019 World Bank study estimated the rate of economic return of China's high-speed rail network to be at 8 percent, which is well above the opportunity cost of capital in China for major long term infrastructure investments. Statista. U.S. high-speed rail 'myths' debunked - CNN.com "[140], Experts expressed concern of the network's operational efficiency. [102] In late October and November 2011, the MOR raised RMB 250 billion in fresh financing and construction resumed on several lines including the Tianjin-Baoding, Xiamen-Shenzhen and Shanghai-Kunming. [181] The losses must be covered by the operator, which is usually subsidized by local governments. Rail Vehicle Market Report is highly -intensive driven by high R&D investment and has strong product analysis to maintain growth and ensure long-term monetization with a forecast period of 2023-2029. [dead link][58] The MOR reportedly committed investment of 709.1billion (US$107.9billion) in railway construction in 2010 and would invest 700billion (US$106billion) in 2011 on 70 railway projects, including 15 high-speed rail projects. High-speed rail service in China was introduced on April 18, 2007 and traffic has grown 30% per annum ever since, reaching 1.44 billion in 2016: four times of the HSR volume in Japan, nine times France's, and greater than north America's total air traffic. The following year, Siemens reshuffled its bidding team, lowered prices, joined the bidding for 350km/h (217mph) trains and won a 60-train set order. [23] In 1995, Premier Li Peng announced that preparatory work on the Beijing Shanghai HSR would begin in the 9th Five Year Plan (19962000), but construction was not scheduled until the first decade of the 21st century. . China: length of high speed rail operation network 2021 | Statista Six lines have started to make operating profits (ie, not counting construction costs), with the Beijing-Shanghai link the world's most profitable bullet train, pulling in 6.6bn yuan last year.. The Economist estimates Liu accepted 1billion of bribes ($152million) in connection with railway construction projects. The introduction of more non-stop service between large cities also helped to reduce travel time. The refusal of the Transrapid Consortium to share technology and source production in China made large-scale maglev production much more costly than high-speed train technology for conventional lines. For example, the BeijingTianjin intercity railway in its two full years of operation, delivered over 41 million rides. As a Premium user you get access to the detailed source references and background information about this statistic. 110,000 mainland Chinese tourists leave Hong Kong on first day of "Number of high-speed railways in China as of August in 2019, by profit status and speed." High-speed railway in China - statistics & facts | Statista [219] China is also competing with Japan, Germany, South Korea, Spain, France and Italy to bid for California's high-speed rail line project, which would connect San Francisco and Los Angeles. The centerpiece of China's expansion into high-speed rail is a national high-speed rail grid consisting of mainly passenger dedicated lines that is overlaid onto the existing railway network. [59], In February 2011, Railway Minister Liu Zhijun, a key proponent of HSR expansion in China, was removed from office on charges of corruption. He set up what became known as the "high-speed rail dream" after his visit to Japan in 1978, where he was deeply impressed by the Shinkansen, the world's first high speed rail system. Are you interested in testing our business solutions? Meanwhile, the United States has just . [110] Premier Wen Jiabao visited train manufacturers and gave a vote of confidence in the industry. [30] To attain higher speeds and transport capacity, planners began to propose a passenger-dedicated HSR network on a grand scale. In mid 2015, China has signed up to design a high-speed railway between the Russian cities of Moscow and Kazan, one of the first concrete examples of the new business with China that Russian officials have been pursuing with renewed vigor since falling out with the West. The Beijing Shanghai route has been always full and making big money even during the pandemic. Train travel between central and southern Chinas largest cities, Wuhan and Guangzhou, was reduced to just over three hours. This is . Despite impressive ridership figures, virtually every completed line has incurred losses in its first years of operation.
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