Paleontologist Trevor Valle Debunks "Dinosaurs Never Existed [108] The Pebbly Arkose Formation, which is of uncertain age but was likely comparable to the other two, has produced the sauropodomorph Mbiresaurus, along with an unnamed herrerasaurid. Bakker specifically used anatomical and ecological evidence to argue that sauropods, which had hitherto been depicted as sprawling aquatic animals with their tails dragging on the ground, were endotherms that lived vigorous, terrestrial lives. This was used to imply that the ancient dinosaurs were relatively slow, sluggish organisms, even though many modern reptiles are fast and light-footed despite relying on external sources of heat to regulate their body temperature. Its anatomy indicated that it was an active predator that was likely warm-blooded, in marked contrast to the then-prevailing image of dinosaurs. [44] He correctly identified the bone as the lower extremity of the femur of a large animal, and recognized that it was too large to belong to any known species. Dinosaurs are a diverse group of reptiles [note 1] of the clade Dinosauria. At the same time, several groups of dinosaurian herbivores evolved more sophisticated ways to orally process food. The largest ornithischian dinosaur was probably the hadrosaurid Shantungosaurus giganteus which measured 16.6 meters (54ft). [19], Dinosaurs were the dominant terrestrial vertebrates of the Mesozoic Era, especially the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. [231][232] In addition, many species regurgitate pellets,[233] and fossil pellets are known as early as the Jurassic from Anchiornis. The class "Dinosauria" was originally defined by "Sir" Richard Owen of the Royal Society, and Superintendent of the British Museum Natural History Department. Acrotholus - North America's earliest bone-headed dinosaur. Perhaps the best-known of these was his denial of the existence of dinosaurs. [10] It has also been suggested that Dinosauria be defined with respect to the MRCA of Megalosaurus and Iguanodon, because these were two of the three genera cited by Richard Owen when he recognized the Dinosauria. [251] If feather-like structures were indeed widely present among non-avian dinosaurs, the lack of abundant fossil evidence for them may be due to the fact that delicate features like skin and feathers are seldom preserved by fossilization and thus often absent from the fossil record. Images of Earth from Space are Fake Sep. 07, 2022. Conspiracy Theory Week: Dinosaurs Never Existed? [249], However, researchers do not agree regarding whether these structures share a common origin between lineages (i.e., they are homologous),[250][251] or if they were the result of widespread experimentation with skin coverings among ornithodirans. What about all the Pictures of the Earth? Meanwhile, Australia was home to a fauna of basal ankylosaurians, hypsilophodonts, and iguanodontians. Dinosaurs like the T-rex, or Veolocirpator have never existed with humans, and we are separated by about 65 million years. It is built on a fraudulent model to try and disprove the true creation history that was passed down from ancient texts. [261][262] In 2008, scientists described Aerosteon riocoloradensis, the skeleton of which supplies the strongest evidence to date of a dinosaur with a bird-like breathing system. [171], Comparisons between the scleral rings of dinosaurs and modern birds and reptiles have been used to infer daily activity patterns of dinosaurs. Top Ten Scientific Flaws In The Theory of Prehistoric Dinosaurs The first dinosaur fossils were recognized in the early 19th century, with the name "dinosaur" (meaning "terrible lizard") being coined by Sir Richard Owen in 1842 to refer to these "great fossil lizards". [40] Villagers in central China have long unearthed fossilized "dragon bones" for use in traditional medicines. 63. [123], There were three general dinosaur faunas in the Late Cretaceous. Dinosaur fossils with scaly skin impressions have been found since the 19th century. However, this specimen on its own does not offer enough information to determine whether this dinosaur had sexual signalling functions; it only supports the possibility. These stones are swallowed by animals to aid digestion and break down food and hard fibers once they enter the stomach. Did all the dinosaurs live together, and at the same time? [157][158] The smallest herbivorous non-avialan dinosaurs included Microceratus and Wannanosaurus, at about 60 centimeters (2.0ft) long each. Dinosaurs are varied from taxonomic, morphological and ecological standpoints. The entry of the word "dinosaur" into the common vernacular reflects the animals' cultural importance: in English, "dinosaur" is commonly used to describe anything that is impractically large, obsolete, or bound for extinction. [90][94] Many fields of study contribute to our understanding of dinosaurs, including physics (especially biomechanics), chemistry, biology, and the Earth sciences (of which paleontology is a sub-discipline). [88][89] More concrete evidence of internal anatomy has been reported in Scipionyx from the Pietraroja Plattenkalk of Italy. Dinosaurs can therefore be divided into avian dinosaursbirdsand the extinct non-avian dinosaurs, which are all dinosaurs other than birds. A compilation of dinosaur skeletons. First, John Ostrom discovered the bird-like dromaeosaurid theropod Deinonychus and described it in 1969. [208][209] From the 1960s forward, Armand de Ricqls suggested that the presence of fibrolamellar bonebony tissue with an irregular, fibrous texture and filled with blood vesselswas indicative of consistently fast growth and therefore endothermy. [51][52], The study of these "great fossil lizards" soon became of great interest to European and American scientists, and in 1842 the English paleontologist Sir Richard Owen coined the term "dinosaur", using it to refer to the "distinct tribe or sub-order of Saurian Reptiles" that were then being recognized in England and around the world. Dinosaur is a term which is defined as a terrestrial reptile with one of two possible hip structures. I was thinking I read a lot of right wing non sense on here from the earth is flat, dinosaurs never existed , we were put here by an alien species LOL Proof that evolution is true .. Nutrients provide our body with various types of fuel that create different processes by Show more. [70][14] Birds share over a hundred distinct anatomical features with theropod dinosaurs, which are now generally accepted to have been their closest ancient relatives. [315][316], Whether the Deccan Traps were a major cause of the extinction, on par with the Chicxulub impact, remains uncertain. As a consequence, more sauropodomorphs were named between 1990 and 2020 than in all previous years combined. Off Topic Discussion Life, The Universe, and Politics Discussion Proof that dinosaurs never existed! [299][300] Soot aerosols are thought to have spread around the world over the ensuing months and years; they would have cooled the surface of the Earth by reflecting thermal radiation, and greatly slowed photosynthesis by blocking out sunlight, thus creating an impact winter. "THE DINOSAURS NEVER EXISTED" - YouTube [135], The first potential evidence for herding or flocking as a widespread behavior common to many dinosaur groups in addition to birds was the 1878 discovery of 31Iguanodon, ornithischians that were then thought to have perished together in Bernissart, Belgium, after they fell into a deep, flooded sinkhole and drowned. Knowledge about dinosaurs is derived from a variety of fossil and non-fossil records, including fossilized bones, feces, trackways, gastroliths, feathers, impressions of skin, internal organs and other soft tissues. [109][110][111] The Santa Maria Formation (radiometrically dated to be older, at 233.23million years old[112]) has produced the herrerasaurids Gnathovorax and Staurikosaurus, along with the sauropodomorphs Bagualosaurus, Buriolestes, Guaibasaurus, Macrocollum, Nhandumirim, Pampadromaeus, Saturnalia, and Unaysaurus. Trans. [74] Since then, scale impressions have been most frequently found among hadrosaurids, where the impressions are known from nearly the entire body across multiple specimens. Conifers and pteridophytes were the most common plants. The second phase, which occurred very close to the boundary, would have extruded 70 to 80% of the volume of these eruptions in intermittent pulses that occurred around 100,000 years apart. 58 Comments on Dinosaurs Never Existed! Dinosaur Videos: 12 dinosaur myths that will blow your mind [108] Eoraptor's likely resemblance to the common ancestor of all dinosaurs suggests that the first dinosaurs would have been small, bipedal predators. Most research conducted since the 1970s, however, has indicated that dinosaurs were active animals with elevated metabolisms and numerous adaptations for social interaction. Timeline of major dinosaur groups per Holtz (2007). [230] This material, as well as the output of the intestines, emerges from the cloaca. [105], The Ischigualasto Formation (radiometrically dated at 231-230 million years old[106]) has produced the early saurischian Eoraptor, originally considered a member of the Herrerasauridae[107] but now considered to be an early sauropodomorph, along with the herrerasaurids Herrerasaurus and Sanjuansaurus, and the sauropodomorphs Chromogisaurus, Eodromaeus, and Panphagia. [153] The largest individuals may have weighed as much as 16 metric tons (18 short tons). Birds are thus considered to be dinosaurs and dinosaurs are, therefore, not extinct. The misconception that non-avian dinosaurs were uniformly gigantic is based in part on preservation bias, as large, sturdy bones are more likely to last until they are fossilized. Eric I love your vids man I really enjoy your work. [121] Flowering plants were greatly radiating,[122] with the first grasses appearing by the end of the Cretaceous. [66] Asian localities have produced the most complete theropod specimens,[68] while North American localities have produced the most complete sauropodomorph specimens. The renaissance was also accompanied by the increasingly widespread application of cladistics, a more objective method of classification based on ancestry and shared traits, which has proved tremendously useful in the study of dinosaur systematics and evolution. Eric Dubay: Dinosaurs Never Existed! - YouTube Based on the current distribution of fossil evidence, it appears that feathers were an ancestral dinosaurian trait, though one that may have been selectively lost in some species. 65 million years ago marks the end of the Cretaceous Period, and is when dinosaurs go extinct. Dinosaurs That May Never Have Actually Existed - Grunge The fossil record shows that birds are feathered dinosaurs, having evolved from earlier theropods during the Late Jurassic epoch, and are the only dinosaur lineage known to have survived the CretaceousPaleogene extinction event approximately 66mya. Constraints from analysis of eight new sections and synthesis for a 3500mthick composite section", "Selective environmental stress from sulphur emitted by continental flood basalt eruptions", Mass Extinctions Caused by Large Bolide Impacts, "State shift in Deccan volcanism at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, possibly induced by impact", "Triggering of the largest Deccan eruptions by the Chicxulub impact", "New geochronologic and stratigraphic evidence confirms the Paleocene age of the dinosaur-bearing Ojo Alamo Sandstone and Animas Formation in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico and Colorado", 10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<0874:ROCDIP>2.3.CO;2, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dinosaur&oldid=1152482750, Articles with dead external links from June 2022, Articles with permanently dead external links, CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of December 2022, Articles with dead external links from October 2022, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Cranial modifications like horns and crests are common dinosaurian traits, and some extinct species had bony armor. They first appeared during the Triassic period, between 243 and 233.23 million years ago, although the exact origin and. [90], Concurrently, a line of work led by Mary Higby Schweitzer, Jack Horner, and colleagues reported various occurrences of preserved soft tissues and proteins within dinosaur bone fossils. [167], The crests and frills of some dinosaurs, like the marginocephalians, theropods and lambeosaurines, may have been too fragile to be used for active defense, and so they were likely used for sexual or aggressive displays, though little is known about dinosaur mating and territorialism. [188] Superprecociality has been inferred for sauropods. Somebody actually saw Adam and Eve eating apples. [37] Their erect posture enabled early dinosaurs to breathe easily while moving, which likely permitted stamina and activity levels that surpassed those of "sprawling" reptiles. [264] This behavior, which may have helped to keep the head warm, is also characteristic of modern birds. [200], Because both modern crocodilians and birds have four-chambered hearts (albeit modified in crocodilians), it is likely that this is a trait shared by all archosaurs, including all dinosaurs. [273] The relatively large size of most dinosaurs and the low diversity of small-bodied dinosaur species at the end of the Cretaceous may have contributed to their extinction;[274] the extinction of the bird lineages that did not survive may also have been caused by a dependence on forest habitats or a lack of adaptations to eating seeds for survival. [49], Between 1815 and 1824, the Rev William Buckland, the first Reader of Geology at the University of Oxford, collected more fossilized bones of Megalosaurus and became the first person to describe a non-avian dinosaur in a scientific journal. [83] This has enabled multiple full-body reconstructions of dinosaur colouration, such as for Sinosauropteryx[84] and Psittacosaurus[85] by Jakob Vinther and colleagues, and similar techniques have also been extended to dinosaur fossils from other localities. Above the CretaceousPaleogene boundary, which has been dated to 66.038 0.025 million years ago,[269] fossils of non-avian dinosaurs disappear abruptly; the absence of dinosaur fossils was historically used to assign rocks to the ensuing Cenozoic. It Was a Dinosaur Tail", "Dinosaurs and the Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution", "Exceptional preservation and the fossil record of tetrapod integument", "Recent advances in amniote palaeocolour reconstruction and a framework for future research", "Fossilized melanosomes and the colour of Cretaceous dinosaurs and birds", "Countershading and Stripes in the Theropod Dinosaur, "3D Camouflage in an Ornithischian Dinosaur", "Interpreting melanin-based coloration through deep time: a critical review", "Exceptional soft-tissue preservation in a theropod dinosaur from Italy", "Evidence of proteins, chromosomes and chemical markers of DNA in exceptionally preserved dinosaur cartilage", "Fibres and cellular structures preserved in 75-million-year-old dinosaur specimens", "Dinosaurian Soft Tissues Interpreted as Bacterial Biofilms", "Influence of Microbial Biofilms on the Preservation of Primary Soft Tissue in Fossil and Extant Archosaurs", "A fossil protein chimera; difficulties in discriminating dinosaur peptide sequences from modern cross-contamination", "Assessing the record and causes of Late Triassic extinctions", "The Late Triassic Ischigualasto Formation at Cerro Las Lajas (La Rioja, Argentina): fossil tetrapods, high-resolution chronostratigraphy, and faunal correlations", "A new herrerasaurid (Dinosauria, Saurischia) from the Upper Triassic Ischigualasto Formation of northwestern Argentina", American Association for the Advancement of Science, "The precise temporal calibration of dinosaur origins", "The oldest dinosaur? The release of the first and second editions of The Dinosauria in 1990 and 2004, and of a review paper by Paul Sereno in 1998, were accompanied by increases in the number of published phylogenetic trees for dinosaurs. Ornithischia includes a variety of species that were primarily herbivores. Adeopapposaurus - A close relative of Massospondylus. While dinosaurs were ancestrally bipedal (as are all modern birds), some prehistoric species were quadrupeds, and others, such as Anchisaurus and Iguanodon, could walk just as easily on two or four legs.
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